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THE REPORT OF THE 
PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 



ITS ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT 
AND A DESCRIPTION OF THE EXHIBITS 



Edited by 
ARTHUR EDWIN POST 

Bureau of Municipal Research 
Executive Secretary, Philadelphia Milk Show 



Illustrated 



PUBLISHED BY THE 

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 
1911 



Gift 
Publisher 






PREFACE 

The main purpose of this report is to give as clear an idea as possible of the 
organization which devised and managed the recent Milk Show, to explain the 
methods employed, and to describe the exhibits. 

The development of the Milk Show is a recent idea and the furtherance of it 
has already added materially to the educational propaganda of those communities 
fortunate enough to have held such exhibitions. In order, therefore, that a per- 
manent record might be preserved of this interesting departure from the customary 
program of social work, and as a help and stimulant to others to direct their efforts 
along the same lines, the executive committee requested the writer to compile 
this report. 

At the outset of this educational movement, practically no one knew what was 
meant by a Milk Show. The value of an exhibition which would tend to educate 
the community to the need of a safe milk supply was self-evident, but the exact 
procedure to be followed in preparing such an exhibition was unknown. Most 
of the resulting labor was therefore creative. 

Looking to the economy of effort, it is hoped that this report may save to 
future promoters of similar undertakings the necessity of having to pass through 
the same stage of experimentation in the solving of many of the petty, yet im- 
portant, problems which had to be determined by our organization. Within the 
limits of this report it is impossible to mention in full all the details incident to the 
work of organizing and managing such an exhibition, but it has been thought ad- 
visable to refer to as many of the details as possible. Effort has been made to 
treat the various parts as briefly as is commensurate with the magnitude of the 
task. 

The writer wishes to take this formal and public means of thanking sincerely 
all those who have so considerably helped in the preparation of this report. 

Through the cooperation of the Russell Sage Foundation of New York City, 
Dr. Hastings H. Hart, Director Department of Child Helping, was instrumental 
in having a catalogue compiled of the exhibits. This work was done by Miss 
Georgia G. Ralph and, by permission, her careful record is frequently quoted 
verbatim in the chapter devoted to the description of the exhibits. 

Special thanks are due to Dr. Joseph S. Neff, Dr. Charles J. Hatfield, Dr. 
Joseph Walsh, and Dr. Samuel McC. Hamill for many valuable suggestions and 
helpful advice. The complete and accurate minutes of the executive committee 
have been of great assis"tamce; and the carefully compiled inventory records and 
descriptions of certain of the exhibits, prepared by Dr. C. J. Marshall, Dr. J. 
Claxton Gittings, Dr. Frank A. Craig, Dr. S. W. Newmayer, Dr. Bertha Lewis, 
and Mr. David C. Clegg have been freely used. 

Neither a comprehensive record of the procedure followed by the various com- 
mittees, nor a complete description of the exhibits could have been attempted in 
this report but for the kindly assistance of these many collaborators. 

A. E. P. 

Philadelphia, Pa., July, 1911 



CONTENTS 



Preface iii 

List of illustrations 7 

PART I.— INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT 

Initial meeting: function and scope of a milk show 13 

PART II.— SUMMARIZATION OF WORK OF COMMITTEES 

Executive, including office of executive secretary 17 

Arrangements in general 21 

Finance 24 

Publicity . 28 

Procuring exhibits 32 

Lectures and demonstrations 35 

Conference of health officers 35 

Education 36 

Dairy institutions and milk contests 37 

Social organizations 39 

Patronesses and aides 40 

PART III.— GENERAL DESCRIPTION 

Milk Show 45 

Conference of State and Municipal Health Officers 46 

Dairy Institute 47 

Milk and cream contests 48 

PART IV— DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS 

Educational exhibits 53 

Commercial exhibits 80 

APPENDICES 

A. Program of Milk Show 84 

B. Program of Conference of State and Municipal Health Officers 87 

C. Program of Dairy Institute 89 

D. Educational leaflets 92 

E. Application blank and contract for commercial exhibits 106 

F. Entry blank for milk and cream contests 108 

G. Reprints of a few press comments 110 

Index 117 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 

PLATE INSERTS OPPOSITE PAGE 

I. Chestnut Street front of Milk Show building. View taken during visit of school 

children Frontispiece 

II. Some of the required stationery and printing 16 

III. Colored advertising card displayed in store windows and subway, elevated, and sub- 

urban railway stations 28 

IV. Colored advertising card displayed within city street cars 30 

V. A few headlines, showing the way the newspapers helped 32 

VI. Little mothers from city schools visiting the Show. They formed in double line after 

leaving street cars 36 

VII. Educational placard distributed to visitors: furnished by Russell Sage Foundation. . 38 

VIII. General aspect of first floor of exhibition 44 

IX. General view of west corridor on first floor 44 

X. General view of east corridor on first floor 44 

XI. Engraved invitation to private view, held day before public opening 44 

XII. Chart showing distribution of attendance. More demonstrators and attendants re- 
quired during rush hours 46 

XIII. Diploma embossed with city seal awarded in milk and cream contests 48 

XIV. Floor plan of exhibition showing sections, entrances, exits, elevators, etc 52 

XV. Window charts giving infant mortality statistics with red electric light flashing to 

show infant death rate 53 

XVI. Left half of section 1. Apparatus used in making physical and chemical tests of milk. 

Charts illustrating different kinds of organisms found in milk 54 

XVII. Right half of section 1. Apparatus used in making laboratory tests of milk. Charts 
illustrating different organisms found in milk, and studies of disease epidemics 

traced to infected milk 54 

XVIII. Section 3. Photographs of dairy farms producing certified milk sold in Philadelphia. 
Charts showing results of bacteriological examination of certified milk, and fre- 
quency of tuberculosis caused by milk 56 

XIX. Section 4. Photographs of existing conditions of Philadelphia's milk supply 56 

XX. Section 5. Certified milk from a local dairy 56 

XXI. Section 6. Model of an excellent type of dairy barn. Modern sanitary milk can and 

metal milking stool 56 

XXII. Section 7. Model of a good type of dairy barn 56 

XXIII. Section 8. Model of a fair type of dairy barn 56 

XXIV. Section 9. Model of a bad type of dairy barn 56 

XXV. Section 11. Charts showing proposed record form for use of city milk inspectors; 

necessity for constant inspection from cow to consumer; and full and short 

measure bottles. Map shows sources of Philadelphia milk supply 56 

XXVI. Section 12. Photographs of refrigeration service furnished for transportation of 

milk and model of improved type of cattle car 58 

7 



8 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 

PLATE INSEBTS OPPOSITE PAGE 

XXVII. Section 13. Photographs of conditions found on dairy farms, cars, receiving stations, 
wagons, and stores. Models show relative amounts of different grades of milk 

consumed in New York City annually 58 

XXVIII. Section 14. Display of economical refrigerators, tireless cookers, and a contrasting 
collection of good and bad milk utensils. Charts giving instructions to mothers, 

tables of food values, formulas for modification of milk, etc 60 

XXIX. Section 15. Model kitchen, containing inexpensive, sanitary equipment, used in 

practical demonstrations of the uses of milk 62 

XXX. Section 16. Results of bacteriological examination of samples of ice cream, and ma- 
chine for sanitary manufacture of ice cream 64 

XXXI. Section 17. Complete apparatus used in scientific pasteurization of milk 64 

XXXII. Section 18. One-third of exhibit on child hygiene. Photographs and placards show- 
ing proper care of babies in home and hospital 66 

XXXIII. Section 19. One-third of exhibit on child hygiene. Photographs, paintings, and 

charts showing proper care of babies, and instructions for mothers 66 

XXXIV. Section 20. One-third of exhibit on child hygiene. Photographs, charts, and models 

showing proper care of babies, and statistics on infant mortality 66 

XXXV. Section 21. Record forms and apparatus used by various cities in taking of milk 

samples for laboratory analyses. Sanitary milk can 76 

XXXVI. Section 22. Prize cups awarded in milk and cream contests. Photographs of model 

dairy farms 76 

XXXVII. Section 23. Photographs showing care of babies in hospital, with equipment, meth- 
ods, and report forms used. Models of milkers and photographs of plant and 

methods of model dairy farm 76 

XXXVIII. Section 24. Photographs showing equipment and methods of dairy farms producing 
certified milk. Charts showing purpose, growth, and results of medical milk 

commissions. Milk utensils used in shipping and modification of milk 78 

XXXIX. Section 25. Methods and results of chemical tests to detect disease in cattle. Speci- 
mens, photographs, and charts showing diseased parts 78 

XL. Section 25. Charts showing most approved types of milk pails, and results of bacte- 
riological studies of use of various kinds of utensils and processes in milk produc- 
tion 78 

XLI. Left half of section 26. Contrasting photographs showing good and bad conditions 

m of stables, dairy cattle, milk houses, handling of milk, etc 78 

XLII. Right half of section 26. Contrasting photographs showing good and bad conditions 
of city milk plants, milk distribution, care of milk in the home, food value of 

milk, and results of score card inspection system 78 

XLIII. Section 27. Photographs illustrating foreign and domestic farms, and conditions of 

distribution and sale. Model of sanitary dairy barn 78 

ILLUSTRATIONS IN TEXT: 

PAGE 

Small advertising cards distributed to school children 30 

Special advertising milk bottle cap 32 

Assignment chart used by committee on patronesses and aides 41 

Educational leaflets: 

Good and bad dairy farms 92-93 

The transportation and sale of milk 94 

Care of the milk in the home 95-96 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 9 

PAGE 

The food value of milk 97 

Diseases caused by impure milk 98 

Suggestions for bottle-fed babies 99 

Milk "Don'ts" 100-101 

Refreshing milk drinks 102-103 

A milk primer 104 

Application blank and contract for commercial exhibits 106-107 

Entry blank for milk and cream contests 108-109 



i 



PART ONE 

Introductory Statement 



PART ONE 

Introductory Statement 



Initial Meeting: Function and Scope of a Milk Show 

On April 13, 1911, a meeting was called by Dr. Joseph S. Neff, Director of the 
Philadelphia Department of Public Health and Charities, for the purpose of con- 
sidering the advisability of holding a Milk Show during the third week in May 
when two national organizations were scheduled to hold their annual meetings in 
this city. 

Because of the fact that for several months the milk problem had been receiving 
the close attention of municipal health authorities, public press, medical profession, 
and citizens generally, it was the consensus of opinion at this meeting that a free 
exhibition which would serve to bring out clearly all of the various phases of the 
milk question would be of great educational benefit to the community. After con- 
siderable discussion as to the method of financing such an undertaking, it was finally 
deemed feasible of accomplishment, and the persons in attendance were constituted 
an executive committee to perfect a permanent organization and proceed with 
active preparations for the Show. 

The general scope of the proposed exhibit was clearly stated in a small folder, 
entitled "Preliminary Announcement," reading as follows: 

There exists at the present time, throughout the entire country, a thorough appre- 
ciation of the close relationship between the milk supply of municipalities and the life and 
health of its citizens. The Mayor of the City of Philadelphia, and the Department of 
Public Health and Charities, realizing the importance of this relationship, recently ap- 
pointed a commission to study and report upon the conditions of production, transporta- 
tion and distribution of milk as they exist in Philadelphia, and to suggest measures by which 
the objectionable features of these processes might be eliminated. The report of this com- 
mission has been submitted and published. 

During the fourth week of May, the annual sessions of two national organizations, 
The American Association of Medical Milk Commissions, and the Certified Milk Pro- 
ducers' Association of America — both interested exclusively in the problem of improving 
the milk supply of the country — will be held in Philadelphia. 

It is proposed as a fitting sequel to the work of the Milk Commission of Philadelphia, 
and on account of the interest which it has stimulated, to supplement the meetings of these 
national associations by a milk exhibition, to be opened on the 20th of May, and to continue 
until the 27th. This exhibition will be patterned after the very successful tuberculosis 
exhibits which have been held in this city, and will have exactly similar purposes, namely, 
the education of the public. Much good also can be done in an educational line toward 
bringing the varied interests of the milk trade into harmonious action. The exhibition will 
especially emphasize the value of milk as a food, the influence of a bad milk supply upon the 
life and health of the community, and the agencies and methods by which such influences 
can be overcome. Public educational lectures on subjects relating to milk will be de- 
livered daily throughout the week. 

In order that this subject may be fully considered from every viewpoint, and for the 
benefit of Philadelphia in particular, a Dairy Institute for the education of those who pro- 

13 



14 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 

duce and deliver milk, and a Conference of Health Officers of the various cities of the 
United States and Canada will be held during the same week. 

The Dairy Institute will be held in the Veterinary Building of the University of 
Pennsylvania on May 24th, 25th and 26th. Addresses will be made on the feeding, breed- 
ing, and selecting of dairy cows; sanitary milk; production and distribution of milk in 
cities, etc., by men with a special knowledge of these subjects. The sessions will begin 
each day at 10 a. m, and continue until 1 p. m. The Conference of Health Officers will 
be held on Thursday, May 25th. 

The importance of this whole subject relating to a safe milk supply cannot be over- 
estimated, primarily for the city of Philadelphia, and secondarily for the country at large. 



Capable demonstrators will be provided to explain the educational exhibits. 



Lectures and moving pictures will be given at 12.20 o'clock noon; 3 p. m. and 8 p. m. 
in the lecture room. . . . 

The Show will be open every day from May 20th to 27th (inclusive) from 10 a. m. 
until 10 p. m., with the exception of Sunday, when the hours will be from 1 p. M. until 10 p. 
M. Admission to all the exhibits and all the lectures will be free. 

In addition to the foregoing extract, the preliminary announcement contained 
a schedule of the proposed classes of exhibits (see p. 33), a tentative program of 
lectures and speakers, a list of the officers, and a statement that the Milk Show 
was under the auspices of — 

Department of Public Health and Charities, 
Milk Commission of the Philadelphia Pediatric Society, 
Veterinary Department of the University of Pennsylvania, 
Bureau of Municipal Research of Philadelphia, 
And many other cooperating agencies. 

Since the real work in a movement of this kind must be done by subcommittees, 
the complete story of the organization and management of the Show can best be 
given by summarizing the work of each committee, which follows in the next 
part. 



PART TWO 

Summarization of Work of Committees 



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'PHILADELPHIA 
MILK SHOW 



Th * i Department oJ PuMlc Health and Ourttka 
"^ Commission of the PhlUdelphk Pediatric Sobety 
nnary Department ol the University oi Pemuylvania 
yiu ol Municipal Research of Philadelphia 





PROGRAM 

PHILADELPHIA 
MILK SHOW 



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ttee meetings. 
Colored advertising card. 3 inches by 5 inches 



Program. 6 inches by 11 inches 



Program. 4 inches by 9 inches 



PART TWO 

Summarization of Work of Committees 



Executive Committee, Including 1 the Office 
of the Executive Secretary 



OFFICERS 

Hon. John E. Reyburn, Honorary Chairman 

Dr. Joseph S. Neff, Chairman 

Dr. Charles J. Hatfield, Vice-chairman 

Dr. Joseph Walsh, Secretary 

Mr. E. T. Stotesbury, Treasurer 

Mr. Arthur E. Post, Executive Secretary 

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 



Dr. Martin G. Brumbaugh 
Dr. Jesse D. Burks 
Mr. George W. Elkins, Jr. 
Dr. Lawrence F. Flick 
Dr. Samuel McC. Hamill 
Dr. Richard H. Harte 
Dr. Charles J. Hatfield 
Mr. A. B. Huey 
Dr. Louis A. Klein 
Dr. John K. Mitchell 
Mr. J. Prentice Murphy 
Dr. Joseph S. Neff 



Mr. George W. Ochs 
Mr. Arthur E. Post 
Hon. John E. Reybubn 
Mr. H. P. Rhoades 
Dr. J. T. Rugh 
Mr. E. T. Stotesbury 
Mr. John A. Vogleson 
Dr. Joseph Walsh 
Mrs. Talcott Williams 
Mr. Frank A. Wills 
Mr. Alexander M. Wilson 
Mr. George Wood 



Beginning with the initial meeting on April 13th, this committee held regular 
meetings on each Monday and Thursday until the close of the Show in the office of 
the Director of the Department of Public Health and Charities. 

At the first meeting, officers were elected as given above and the presiding 
officials of each of the various milk producers' and dealers' associations in the city 
were elected to membership on this committee as representing their respective 
associations. 

Thus augmented, the executive committee immediately proceeded to business 
by appointing the chairmen of all subcommittees who in turn selected the members 
of their committees. All appointments to committees were reported to this com- 
mittee for formal ratification, and official announcements were sent to all appointees 
notifying them of their selection. 

Through the courtesy of Mr. W. D. Champlin of the Public Playgrounds Com- 
mittee, the executive secretary was permitted to occupy quarters in their committee 
room in City Hall where the business of the Milk Show could be transacted. A 
stenographer and office boy were immediately employed, a typewriter and neces- 
2 17 



18 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 

sary furniture rented, and general supplies and stationery purchased. This force 
was later increased by the addition of four other stenographers, one of whom de- 
voted most of her time to the work of preparing copy for the. newspapers. The 
office was opened April 17th, and closed August 12th. 

A contract was made with a press clipping bureau to supply all news articles 
on the Milk Show, and a scrap book was started in which the clippings and samples 
of all stationery and printed matter were preserved for reference. 

For the purpose of interesting individuals and organizations in the Show, a 
preliminary announcement folder was prepared and an edition of 13,000 copies 
printed. The contents of this folder have been referred to on p. 13. 

After the work of the subcommittees and the office of the executive secretary 
had been duly organized and started, the duties of the executive committee were 
chiefly of an advisory nature in supervising the operations of the subcommittees 
and the executive secretary. At all meetings of this committee, detailed reports 
were rendered by the chairmen of committees and the executive secretary, these 
reports being incorporated in the minutes. Typewritten copies of the minutes 
were mailed to all the members of the committee immediately following each meet- 
ing, and absent members were thereby kept currently informed of the transactions. 

Regarding the exact character which the exhibit was to assume, it was decided 
that the exhibits should be divided into two parts; namely, educational and com- 
mercial. The educational exhibits were to consist of all those which in any way 
served to portray conditions relative to the care of cows, the process of milking 
and handling milk on the farm, transportation and distribution of milk, and its 
uses as a food; the commercial exhibits were to include all the exhibits submitted 
by any individual or company dealing in milk or milk utensils for commercial profit. 

As to the suggestion of combining with the Milk Show an exhibit of play- 
grounds, school gardens, etc., it was decided that because of the limited space 
available the exhibition should be confined strictly to milk products, utensils and 
processes. 

The question arose as to the possibility of placing too great emphasis upon dirty 
conditions, especially on conditions which no longer exist. One of the repre- 
sentatives of the milk associations stated that if too great emphasis were placed on 
milk contamination, the resulting tendency would be to prevent people from drink- 
ing milk, which was by no means the object of the Show. The consensus of opinion 
on this point was that it was necessary to show conditions as they actually existed 
but that too great stress should not be placed on bad conditions. 

As a means of working up enthusiasm for the Show, this committee made 
arrangements for a public meeting to be held in the Mayor's office on the afternoon 
of April 27th. About eight hundred invitations were issued by the Mayor to mem- 
bers of City Councils, representatives of the various city departments, hospitals, 
dispensaries, relief societies, day nurseries, visiting nurse societies, and organiza- 
tions concerned with summer care for mothers and babies. This meeting was 
fairly well attended, and much enthusiasm was manifested by those present. Dr. 
Joseph S. Neff, Director of the Department of Public Health and Charities, pre- 
sided and summarized the steps that had been taken toward bettering the city's 
milk supply. Other addresses were made on the purposes of the Show and its 
educational value to the community by Dr. Samuel McC. Hamill, Dr. Jesse D. 
Burks, Mrs. Owen Wister and Dr. Talcott Williams. 



SUMMARIZATION OF WORK OF COMMITTEES 19 

One of the most important matters to be dealt with at the start was that con- 
cerning the estimated expenses and the manner of financing the Show. To make 
such an estimate the chairmen of subcommittees were requested to submit as soon 
as possible to this committee statements of the estimated expenditures of their 
committees. With this information in hand, the finance committee was able to 
make definite plans for financing the undertaking. For further details, see p. 24. 

The question was raised as to whether or not it was advisable to employ an 
advertising solicitor who would issue on a commercial basis a program of the Show 
containing advertisements. After much discussion in which it was shown that it 
was most difficult to properly censor and control the advertising solicited in such a 
manner, it was decided that such a program should not be issued. 

The suggestion was made that a notice of the Milk Show might be sent to the 
various dairy farmers producing milk for this city by the introduction of a folder 
or announcement slip into the monthly payment letters which are sent to the 
farmers by the city dealers. Such an announcement containing a notice of the 
Dairy Institute was prepared, being printed just large enough to slip into a number 
five envelope. Next, a list of the various city dealers together with the number of 
dairy farmers supplying each was procured from the Chief Inspector of Milk. A 
letter was then sent to all city dealers requesting them to include one of these 
announcement slips with each of their remittance letters to the various farmers, 
and included with this letter were the requisite number of announcement slips. 

At the request of the Civic Club, it was decided that, wherever convenient, 
the "Kill that fly" stamp should be used on all correspondence as a means of help- 
ing along the campaign against the house fly. 

Concerning the question of insurance for show rooms and the exhibits, after 
consideration as to whether or not the Milk Show should insure the commercial 
exhibits against fire as well as the educational exhibits, it was decided that only 
the educational exhibits should be covered by fire insurance policies. 

It was decided to display prominently the legend "To Enlighten — Not To 
Frighten" on the program of the Show and on the sign on the front of the exhibition 
building. 

Since the scheme for financing the Show, as outlined on p. 24, called for a final 
settlement by the guarantors after the completion of the Show, it was necessary 
to provide some means by which current running expenses might be met. Through 
the kindness of Mr. E. T. Stotesbury, the Milk Show was enabled to draw upon 
Drexel & Company for current expenses, with the understanding that the final 
adjustment was not to be made until after the Show, when the guarantors would be 
called upon to pay any deficit. A form of voucher was prepared by the executive 
committee which provided for the payment of all bills of five dollars and over. 
Bills under five dollars were paid from a petty cash fund by the executive secretary. 
This form of voucher had to be approved and countersigned by the executive secre- 
tary and the vice-chairman before payment could be made by the treasurer. When 
so certified, a check was mailed by the treasurer to the creditor. These vouchers 
were printed in duplicate and numbered consecutively in red. The original copy 
was sent to the treasurer with all bills folded and attached inside the voucher; 
the duplicate was retained in the office of the executive secretary for reference. 
(For reproduction of this voucher form, see plate facing p. 16.) 



20 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 

Regarding the payment of all bills, it was decided that, 

First, all bills must be approved by the person incurring the indebted- 
ness; 

Second, forwarded by such person to the chairman of his committee, 
who would further approve; and, 

Third, forwarded by the chairman to the executive secretary, who 
would make out a voucher on the treasurer for the expenditure or 
would pay the same from the petty cash fund. 

In order to meet the current running expenses incident to the office of the 
executive secretary, a petty cash account of one hundred dollars was established. 
All payments from this fund were receipted for upon a special form of petty cash 
receipt. See reproduction in plate facing p. 16. 

Owing to the fact that it was much more convenient both in the office of the 
executive secretary and to the treasurer, the salaries of the office force were paid 
from the petty cash fund. With this exception, no bills calling for more than five 
dollars were paid from petty cash. 

When it was necessary to replenish the petty cash fund, a voucher accompa- 
nied by the receipts for payments made was turned in to the treasurer with a 
statement of the amount of cash on hand. Thereupon the treasurer would re- 
ceive the petty cash receipts in exchange for an equal amount of cash, making the 
complete petty cash account of the executive secretary an even one hundred 
dollars. 

During the period of the show it was necessary to establish a second petty cash 
account for use at the exhibition rooms in paying current expenses. This fund, 
amounting to twenty-five dollars, was paid from the petty cash account of the ex- 
ecutive secretary and was receipted for by the secretary of the committee on arrange- 
ments in general. The manner of administering this account by the secretary 
of the committee on arrangements in general was exactly the same as followed with 
the petty cash account of the executive secretary, petty cash receipts being taken 
for all payments, which receipts were redeemable in cash. 

The payrolls for the various attendants and laborers at the exhibition rooms 
were compiled and the employees paid in cash at the end of each week. The 
amounts called for by these payrolls were not paid from petty cash, but a payroll 
was prepared in advance and a voucher in favor of the executive secretary was 
drawn on the treasurer accordingly. The treasurer thereupon advanced the re- 
quired amount to the executive treasurer, who in turn gave a receipt for the amount 
so advanced. Next, the cash received was put up in accordance with the payroll 
in individual envelopes, each containing a petty cash receipt for the amount 
enclosed. Payroll disbursements were made by the executive secretary, who 
exacted signed and dated receipts for every payment. Later these receipts were 
delivered to the treasurer, who attached the same to the voucher which had previ- 
ously been drawn to cover the expenditure. 

In anticipation of the publication of a comprehensive report, the chairmen of 
committees were requested by this committee to furnish the executive secretary 
with detailed inventories of their exhibits, and after the exhibits were installed, 
a photographer was employed to take photographs of the various booths. 



SUMMARIZATION OF WORK OF COMMITTEES 21 

After the close of the exhibit, there remained certain miscellaneous articles, 
such as floor mats, rolls of oilcloth, galvanized-iron buckets, waste-paper baskets, 
and a few pieces of furniture, all of which were presented to the White Haven 
Sanatorium. A limited quantity of some of the educational leaflets remained and 
they were given to the Bureau of Health. 

Before the Milk Show organization disbanded, the attempt was made to ac- 
knowledge all assistance and cooperation which had been given by numerous indi- 
viduals, organizations, and firms. In many cases, such acknowledgments were 
made personally by the members of the committees; in other cases, letters were 
mailed by the executive secretary. 

A large amount of detailed, clerical, and stenographic service was performed 
by the office of the executive secretary. Throughout the course of the work, both 
before and after the Show, it was necessary for practically all the officers and com- 
mittee chairmen to call upon the office at some time to attend to countless details. 
In addition, much work was performed in the personal offices of members of the 
organization. Besides the care of the regular correspondence in the office of the 
executive secretary (which necessitated the writing of over one thousand letters), 
it was necessary to compile several mailing lists, address thousands of envelopes, 
make numerous lists of committees, prepare payrolls, send out notices of committee 
meetings, deliver supplies of stationery to various committees, refer daily mail to 
proper committees, arrange for the distribution and delivery of preliminary an- 
nouncement folders and advertising cards, and other tasks, such as the counting and 
folding of the entry blanks for the milk contest, requiring a large amount of actual 
labor and careful system. 

The last meeting of the executive committee was held on June 1st. Much 
unfinished business remained to be transacted. Many bills were outstanding and 
the final accounting remained to be made. It was desired that no further meetings 
of this committee should be held, and it was therefore decided that the authority 
for the transaction of all unfinished business should be vested in the officers of the 
executive committee. Two meetings of the officers were necessary to close up the 
business. 



Committee on Arrangements in General 

Dr. Samuel McC. Hamill, Chairman 

Mr. J. Byron Deacon, Secretary 
Dr. Howard Carpenter Dr. A. P. Francine 

Dr. John Cruice Dr. Charles J. Hatfield 

Dr. Charles A. Fife Dr. H. D. Jump 

Dr. J. Clinton Foltz Dr. W. D. Robinson 

Dr. Frederick Fraley Dr. John F. Sinclair 

Dr. J. Gurney Taylor 

The first and most important duty of this committee was that of securing a 
suitable place to hold the exhibition. It was most desirable that the exhibition be 
held in a central location on some prominent street, easy of access, in rooms with 
good lighting and ventilation, with front and rear exits, adequate elevator service 



22 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 

and fire protection, and rooms sufficiently large to permit of the installation of the 
exhibition on not more than two floors. 

After carefully inspecting all the available properties in the central part of the 
city, the first two floors of the Dobson Building, at 809 and 811 Chestnut street, 
were selected and rented for the month of May at a rental of seven hundred and 
fifty dollars. This building, extending through from Chestnut street to Ludlow 
street, measured about forty-seven by one hundred and fifty feet, and provided 
approximately fourteen thousand one hundred square feet of floor space. 

In order not to encroach on this floor space which was no more than enough for 
the various exhibits, a room to be used as a lecture hall was secured by renting the 
ground floor of the adjoining property at 813 Chestnut street. Through the kind- 
ness of the Commonwealth Title Insurance and Trust Company, the owner, a 
nominal rental of twenty-five dollars per week was paid for this property, measuring 
about twenty-five by one hundred and fifty feet, and therefore furnishing thirty- 
seven hundred and fifty additional square feet of floor space. This room was well 
lighted and ventilated, having formerly been used as a banking room, and had both 
front and rear exits, thus providing a safe lecture room in case of fire. A lecture 
platform with a screen for stereopticon and moving pictures was built in the rear. 

Fire, accident and general liability insurance policies were taken out on both 
properties. 

As the first step toward the preparation of these buildings for the show, 
detailed drawings were made of the exhibition rooms showing the proposed aisles, 
sections and counters, and the existing stairways, elevators, fire towers, windows, 
doors, and exits. Each section, or booth, was numbered as will be seen by reference 
to the reproduction of the floor plans opposite p. 52. This important work was 
done by Messrs. Brockie and Hastings, architects, who kindly contributed their 
valuable services and furnished the necessary blue prints for the various committees. 

With these plans as a basis upon which to work, contracts were immediately 
entered into for the cleaning, decorating and altering of both premises. The con- 
tract with the cleaning company called for an initial cleaning and for daily cleaning 
throughout the period of the show. The decorating company was engaged to 
build all booths, covering same with dark green burlap; to prepare numerous oil- 
cloth signs; to decorate both buildings (exterior and interior) with attractive 
columns, shields, bunting, flags, etc.; to remove certain partitions temporarily, 
same to be replaced after the show; and to build an additional outside exit stair- 
way in the rear of the Dobson Building. 

Other details attended to by this committee included the installation of electric 
lights and a large electric advertising sign on the front of the building; making 
arrangements for the provision of water, gas, and electricity as needed in different 
exhibition booths or sections; the equipment of the office at the show rooms with 
furniture, adding machine, typewriter, etc. ; the inspection of the exhibition rooms 
and lecture hall by the city fire and building inspectors; and the provision of 
numerous electric fans, drinking fountains with sanitary cups (penny in the slot 
machines), several public telephones, chairs for the lecture hall, tables and other 
furniture for various booths, and numerous signs. Large signs had to be provided 
for each booth giving the name of the exhibitor and many small signs for use in 
connection with the exhibits. In addition, large conspicuous signs were prepared, 
such as: 



SUMMARIZATION OF WORK OF COMMITTEES 23 

Not How Cheap Milk But How Good. We Do Not Want Cheap Milk at a Cheap Price. 
Pure Milk Is Bargain Enough. 

You Can Get Good Milk If You Will Pay the Price. Bad Milk Is Expensive or Dangerous 

at Any Price. 
When People Demand Good Milk They Will Get It. Do Not Leave It to the Health 

Authorities Entirely to Protect Your Children. 

Do You Use Milk? If so, Keep It Clean — Covered — Cold. 

Cleanliness and Cold Are the Two Essentials for Clean Milk. 

Pure Milk for Sale. Consumer's Price. 

Lecture to-day in Lecture Hall next door 12 m., 3 p. m. and 8 p. M. (Several.) 

Do Not Fail to see Exhibits on Second Floor. Take Elevator or Stairway. 

Visit the Exhibits on Second Floor, then Go Directly to Lecture Hall. 

Exit at Rear. (Several.) 

Positively No Smoking. (Several.) 

Dates were set by this committee when exhibits were to be received and 
installed and all exhibitors were so notified. In order to expedite the work of 
unpacking and hanging the exhibits as received, which duty was to be performed 
by a subcommittee on installation, a superintendent (to have charge of the work- 
men) and the necessary carpenters and laborers were employed. The delivery 
of the exhibits to the exhibition rooms and the removal of the same after the Show 
were duties of the committee on procuring exhibits. 

On the floor of each section or booth was chalked a number, corresponding 
with the plans prepared by the architects. It was therefore a simple matter for 
a member of the subcommittee on installation to receive all exhibits as delivered 
by the committee on procuring exhibits and distribute them directly to their 
respective sections, following the numbers on the plans. As each exhibit was 
unpacked, the box in which it had been shipped was marked with the exhibitor's 
name and also the number of the section in which its contents had been placed. 
The shipping boxes were then stored in the basement. The contents of each box 
was checked with the lists previously submitted by the exhibitor. (See committee 
on procuring exhibits, p. 34.) This plan was practically reversed at the conclusion 
of the Show when the exhibits were taken down and prepared for the return ship- 
ment. 

This committee attended to the general management of affairs during the period 
of the Show, such as : arranging with the Department of Public Safety for details 
of policemen and firemen; providing guards and attendants about the premises 
and at all entrances and exits to keep the visitors moving in one direction only; 
supervising the sale of certified milk in order that the supply should not be ex- 
hausted; ordering additional quantities of the educational leaflets as needed; 
making necessary alterations in the installation of certain exhibits; supervising 
the services of the demonstrators and force of workmen; and overseeing the daily 
cleaning and condition of the Show rooms. 

After the closing of the Show, this committee was responsible for the restora- 
tion of both buildings to the condition they were in when leased: to this end, repairs 
by plasterers and painters were made. 



REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 



Finance Committee 

Dr. Richard H. Haktb, Chairman 

Mr. John E. Baird Mr. Joseph B. McCall 

Mr. Ellis A. Ballard Mr. Frank McFadden 

Mr. Samuel T. Bodine Mr. H. P. McKean 

Mr. Francis E. Bond Hon. J. P. McNichol 

Mr. George Burnham, Jr. Hon. Wayne McVeagh 

Mr. William Burnham Dr. John K. Mitchell 

Mr. J. Hates Carstairs Mr. Randal Morgan 

Mr. Frederick T. Chandler Mr. Edward DeV. Morrell 

Mr. E. Walter Clark Mr. Effingham B. Morris 

Mr. Morris L. Clothier Mr. Arthur E. Newbold 

Mr. Francis Cope Mr. Clement B. Newbold 

Mr. Cyrus H. K. Curtis Mr. George W. Norris 

Mr. William Disston Dr. Charles B. Penrose 

Dr. R. Norton Downs Mr. E. B. Smith 

Mr. George W. Elkins Mr. W. Hinckle Smith 

Mr. George W. Elkins, Jr. Mr. E. T. Stotesbury 

Mr. James Elverson Hon. Charlemagne Tower 

Mr. Samuel S. Fels Mr. John R. Valentine 

Mr. W. W. Frazier Mr. Alexander Van Rensselaer 

Mr. Howard B. French Hon. William S. Vare 

Mr. Ellis A. Gimbel Mr. James B. Willcox 

Mr. Charles C. Harrison Mr. George Wood 

Mr. Alba B. Johnson Mr. Stuart Wood 

Mr. J. Bertram Lippincott Dr. George Woodward 

Mr. J. D. Lit Mr. Charlton Yarnall 

The first problem which had to be solved before active preparation for the Show 
could be undertaken was that regarding the raising of funds to meet the probable 
expenditures. A subcommittee of the executive committee which was immediately 
appointed to draw up a tentative schedule of the estimated expenses, reported that 
the following expenditures would be necessary : 

Rent $500 

Preparation and restoration of place of exhibit 1000 

Electrical equipment and light 600 

Special installation 800 

Decorations and burlap 300 

Removing exhibit 100 

Insurance 50 

Engineer 50 

Freight and hauling 200 

Advertising 1000 

Printing and stationery 400 

Postage, telephone and telegraph 200 

Typewriters 25 

Stenographers 150 

Stereoptician 50 

Photographs, lantern slides 100 

Lecture honoraria 100 

Demonstrators 300 

Attendants 200 

Expense of executive secretary 100 

Miscellaneous 500 

Total $6725 

To meet this expenditure (which was recognized as a minimum estimate) the 
finance committee immediately undertook the task of securing through personal 
solicitation thirty-five or more gentlemen each of whom would consent to become 
liable for the expense of the Milk Show to the maximum amount of two hundred 
and fifty dollars. The following gentlemen consented to act as guarantors, it 



SUMMARIZATION OF WORK OF COMMITTEES 25 

being understood that any money which could be raised by a general letter of 
appeal, the sale of floor space to commercial exhibitors at the exhibition, voluntary 
contributions, or any other means, would be used to reduce the ultimate amount 
that the guarantors would be called upon to pay : 

GUARANTORS 

Mr. John E. Baird Mr. Charles L. Lee 

Mr. Ellis A. Ballard Mr. Frank McFadden 

Mr. Samuel T. Bodine Mr. H. P. McKean 

Mr. Francis E. Bond Mr. Randal Morgan 

Mr. George Burnham, Jr. Mr. Effingham B. Morris 

Mr. William Burnham Mr. Arthur E. Newbold 

Mr. E. B. Cassatt Mr. Clement B. Newbold 

Mr. C. Howard Clark, Jr. Mr. George W. Norris 

Mr. E. Walter Clark Dr. Charles B. Penrose 

Mr. Morris L. Clothier Mr. P. M. Sharpless 

Dr. R. Norton Downs Mr. E. B. Smith 

Mr. George W. Elkins Mr. W. Hinckle Smith 

Mr. George W. Elkins, Jr. Mr. Philip L. Spaulding 

Mr. James Logan Fisher Mr. Frank Graham Thomson 

Mr. William W. Frazier Mr. Alexander Van Rensselaer 

Mr. Lincoln Godfrey Hon. William S. Vare 

Mr. Charles C. Harrison Mr. George Wood 

Dr. Richard H. Harte Mr. Stuart Wood 

Mr. Alba B. Johnson Mr. Charlton Yarnall 

Having secured a sufficient guarantee fund to pay the expenses of the exhibi- 
tion, the executive committee proceeded to apportion to each subcommittee the 
amounts as given in the preliminary estimate of expenditures. 

In order to help defray the expenses of the Show, use was made of the news- 
papers in stating the need of such an exhibition and the consequent cost of the same; 
subscriptions were solicited personally by members of the executive committee; 
a general letter of appeal asking for financial support was mailed to over five 
thousand addresses; the Director of the Department of Public Health and Charities 
requested the Mayor to ask City Councils for an appropriation as the city's contri- 
bution; floor space at the exhibition was sold to commercial exhibitors at fifty 
cents a square foot; certified milk was sold during the Show; and bottles with cards 
reading "Contributions Toward the Expenses of the Milk Show May Be Placed in 
This Bottle," were placed about the exhibition rooms. 

The question was raised as to whether it would pay to send out letters asking 
for financial support. It was decided, however, that such an appeal would at least 
more than pay for itself and would at the same time be an advertisement. The 
letter of appeal was enclosed in an envelope with a preliminary announcement 
folder, one of the small advertising cards such as were distributed to school children, 
and a return envelope addressed to the treasurer. This letter read as follows : 

Deab Sir: May 15, 1911 

It is proposed to hold in Philadelphia, on May 20th to 27th, an exhibition showing 
in detail everything pertaining to the production of milk and its distribution, transporta- 
tion, and care in the home. Good and bad conditions will be portrayed and the remedies 
shown. We request that you read the enclosed announcement. 

To finance this exhibition, the cooperation of every public-spirited citizen is neces- 
sary. The subject is one which must appeal to all who are interested in the health of our 
community, especially as it relates to the welfare of the children. We request that you 
send us in the enclosed envelope as generous a subscription as possible. Check should 
be drawn to the order of Mr. E. T. Stotesbury, treasurer. 
Yours respectfully, 

(Signed) Jos. S. Neff, Chairman of Executive Committee. 
(Signed) R. H. Harte, Chairman of Finance Committee. 



REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 



A generous response from the following contributors was received in answer to 
this letter, the amounts received ranging from one dollar to five hundred dollars: 



CONTRIBUTORS 



Mr. John E. Baird 

Mr. E. A. Baldwin 

Mr. William P. Bancroft 

Mr. Enoch A. Bandura 

Mr. Charles T. Barney 

Belber Trunk and Bag Company, Inc. 

Bernstein Manufacturing Company 

Mr. C. F. Bezold 

Mr. Kenneth M. Blakiston 

Mr. George L. Blatz 

Mr. Henry H. Bonnell 

Mrs. A. M. Boyd 

Miss Ellen K. Brazien 

Miss E. Josephine Brazier 

Mrs. Anna L. Burnham 

Mrs. George Burnham 

Cash (3) 

Mr. Charles W. Cathers 

Mrs. Clarence M. Clark 

E. W. Clark and Company 

Mr. H.L.Clark 

Messrs. Comly and Flanigen 

Mrs. Mary E. Converse 

Mr. John Conway 

Mrs. Morris L. Cooke 

Mr. Edward Cope 

Mr. Henry L. Davis 

Miss Lucy Davis 

Mr. J. W. Detweiler 

Mr. Jacob S. Disston 

Messrs. John and James Dobson 

Mr. Henry H. Donaldson 

Miss Mary Dornan 

Otto Eisenlohr & Brothers 

Mr. William Engel 

Mrs. A. A. Eshner 

Mr. George B. Evans 

Dr. Clifford B. Farr 

Mr. W. W. Frazier 

Mr. George Geiss 

Mr. Reuben C. Gilmer 

Mr. William H. Greene 

Mr. Joseph R. Grundy 

Mr. F. T. Gucker 

Mrs. A. P. Hadley 

Miss Clementina Rhodes Hartshorne 

Mr. Henry Hauptfuher 

Mr. William B. Heackenberg 

Mrs. Charles W. Henry 

Mrs. Charles S. Hinchman 

Messrs. Horn and Horn 

Mr. Lardner Howell 

Independent Milk Dealers' Association 

Mr. Henry McKean Ingersoll 

Mr. H. Harvey Ivins 

Jacob Brothers 

Mr. Henry S. Jeans 



Mr. John Story Jenks 

Mrs. William F. Jenks 

Mr. J. Percy Keating 

Miss Florence Keen 

Mr. T. W. Kester 

Dr. E. L. Klopp 

Mr. B. M. Lewis 

Mr3. John Frederick Lewis 

Miss Mary W. Lippincott 

Mrs. Howard A. Loeb 

Mrs. Charles H. Ludington 

Mr. M. Luetz 

Mr. John D. Mclllheny 

Mrs. Louis Childs Madeira 

Mr. Otto T. Mallery 

Mr. James N. Mohr 

Mr. T. H. Morris, Miss Ellen Morris 

Dr. John H. Musser 

Mr. John S. Newbold 

A. Newman and Company 

Mr. John B. Parsons 

Mr. Edward Pennock 

Mr. J. N. Pew 

Philadelphia Milk Exchange 

Philadelphia Quartz Company 

Miss Anna Randolph 

Miss E. C. Roberts 

Miss Emily L. Roberts 

Miss F. A. Roberts 

Miss Rosengarten 

Mr. John M. Roshon 

Mr. David J. Roulston 

Miss Ada C. Sayen 

Mr. A. G. Scattergood 

Miss Mary C. Scattergood 

Mr. Jacob Schonder 

Mr. J. Harry Schurr 

Mr. William L. Scott 

Mr. Samuel Shapiro 

Mr. John M. Sheerbaum 

Miss Florence Sibley 

Rev. and Mrs. Alexander Mackay-Smith 

Mrs. James Spear 

Mr. Frederick H. Strawbridge 

Miss Elizabeth Swift 

Mr. J. D. Thomas 

Mr. Clarke Thomson 

Misses Anges L. and Grace A. Tierney 

Mr. Thomas C. Townsend 

Dr. Joseph P. Tunis 

Mr. Robert W. Tunis 

Mr. S. M. Vauclain 

Mrs. Henry M. Warren 

Mr. Asa S. Wing 

Mr. R. D. Wittington 

Mr. Albert Wolf 

Mr. J. F. Ziegenfuss 



With regard to the financial settlement after the Show, it was decided that in 
order to close up the business with the treasurer as soon as possible, the total 



SUMMARIZATION OF WORK OF COMMITTEES 27 

expenses should be reckoned slightly in excess of what appeared to be necessary 
in order to cover any possible outstanding deficit (unknown at the time of reckon- 
ing), with the provision that if there was eventually any small surplus remaining, 
this surplus should be donated to the Babies' Hospital of Philadelphia. 

After deducting the receipts from the expenditures, it was necessary to call 
upon the guarantors to pay about forty per cent of the amounts originally guar- 
anteed by them. 

FINANCIAL STATEMENT 

Report of the Treasurer 
Expenditures: 

1. Salaries and honoraria (including lecturers, demon- 
strators, stenographers, office-boys, engineers, 
attendants, etc.) $1,746.41 

2. Printing, stationery, rent of typewriters, telephone 

and telegraph, office supplies, etc 2,539.73 

3. Postage 419.51 

4. Advertising 1,263.94 

5. Rent and insurance 941.05 

6. Preparation of building and installation of exhibits, 

signs, decorations, burlap, etc 2,078.85 

7. Electrical, lighting or plumbing equipment; special 
installation; heat, light, and power 672.57 

8. Freight, expressage and hauling 73.39 

9. Drawings, blue prints, charts, stereopticon and 

lantern slides, moving picture machine and films . . . 199.70 

10. Specially prepared exhibits 234.61 

11. Removing exhibit 36.00 

12. Miscellaneous (including disbursements for inter- 

est, car-fare, chairs, ice, repairs, hardware, ma- 
terials, etc.) 596.01 

Total expenditures $10,801.77 

Receipts: 

Subscriptions of $100 and over $1,900.00 

Subscriptions under $100 894.50 

Contribution by City Councils 2.500.00 

Sale floor space to commercial exhibitors 1,175.74 

Sale light and power to commercial exhibitors 45.42 

Sale of milk and contributions received at Show 395.40 

Sale of special advertising milk bottle caps 299-61 

Miscellaneous receipts 5.94 

Total receipts 7,216.61 

Total deficit to be paid by guarantors $3,585.16 



Through the kindness of Mr. WillB Hadley, chief accountant in the office of 
the City Controller, and Mr. Lorin C. Powers and Mr. A. F. Lindberg, of the Bureau 
of Municipal Research, who contributed their services, the accounts have been 
duly audited and found correct. 



28 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 



Committee on Publicity 

Mr. George W. Ochs, Chairman 

Dr. Jesse D. Burks, Secretary 
Mr. James S. Benn Mr. Hood MacFarland 

Mr. W. C. Craig Mr. Lewis H. McLaughlin 

Mr. Arthur W. Dunn Mr. Louis Nusbaum 

Mr. Harrington Fitzgerald Mr. David E. Smiley 

Mr. Charles P. Garde Mr. Rot Smith Wallace 

Mr. Max Heinrici Mr. Charles K. Weston 

Mr. Harry Wilson 

The membership of this committee consisted of the city editors of all the news- 
papers and other members especially appointed for the purpose of taking charge 
of the advertising. In order to differentiate clearly between the similar duties 
of this committee and those of the committees on education and social organizations, 
these committees held joint meetings. As a result, it was decided by the executive 
committee that the duties of this committee should be to provide copy for the news- 
papers and to prepare for the advertising of the Show. 

In order to obtain the utmost publicity and to enlist the daily support of the 
newspapers, a letter was sent out to each paper requesting them to assign a par- 
ticular reporter to the Milk Show. The committee next employed Miss F. A. 
Dawson, the assistant secretary of the Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of 
Tuberculosis, to act as the publicity agent of the Show. A stenographer was 
employed to help with this work, and copy was prepared daily for all the morning and 
evening papers and delivered to the reporters who had been assigned to this work. 

To secure news items the publicity agent attended meetings of the various 
committees and interviewed speakers and prominent visitors. Letters were sent 
to the speakers on the various programs, asking them to furnish in advance brief 
abstracts of their addresses, and much good material for the papers was secured 
in this way. 

Besides the newspaper copy prepared by this committee, additional copy was 
written for the country newspapers by the committee on dairy institutions and milk 
contests, and the committee on social organizations furnished material to many of 
the purely local newspapers and papers published in foreign languages. The news 
clippings on the Milk Show as preserved in the office of the executive secretary are 
known to be incomplete; no clippings at all are included from at least one of the 
well-known city papers; none of the papers printed in foreign languages or local ward 
papers are included; and many items published in foreign papers are also missing. 
An analysis, however, of the clippings at hand shows that in nine city papers there 
appeared one hundred and sixty-one different items which occupied about seventeen 
hundred and seventy linear inches of column space, or over one hundred and forty- 
seven feet. Seventy-five foreign papers (or those outside this city), in twenty- 
five states, published eighty-five items which occupied about five hundred and twelve 
inches of space, or over forty- two feet. 

The question concerning the most effective advertising for the Show was most 
important. The various methods considered by the committee are included in the 
list which follows, and those suggestions which are prefaced with an asterisk (*) 
were adopted by the executive committee as being most practicable and within 
the financial appropriation set aside for this committee : 



SUMMARIZATION OF WORK OF COMMITTEES 29 

1. Publicity through the press : 

a. News matter in various city newspapers (including papers in 

foreign languages). 

b. Associated press notices. 

c. Advertising matter (possibly contributed by department 

stores). 

2. Publicity through the churches: 

a. Notices and bulletins. 

b. Verbal notices by ministers to congregations. 

c. Printed matter for distribution to ministers. 

3. Publicity through schools : 

a. Announcements by teachers. 

b. Small advertising cards for distribution by teachers to pupils. 

c. Distribution of celluloid buttons to school children visiting the 

Show. 

4. Large billboard posters in city and adjacent suburban districts. 

5. Cards in show windows of stores. 

6. Street cars: 

a. Advertising cards inside cars. 

b. Signs on fenders during week of Show. 

7. Electric signs on City Hall. 

8. Hand-bills and circulars (especially in foreign languages). 

9. Social agencies. Statements explaining the purpose of the exhibit, 

with request for cooperation of social workers in various social 
agencies and distribution of small advertising cards (especially 
in foreign languages). 

10. Hand-book or guide to the exhibition, explaining the significance of the 

various parts of the Show. 

11. Other printed matter. Leaflets and wall-cards for distribution, ex- 

plaining points of interest in the Milk Show. 

12. Special milk caps or tags. Request milk dealers to use milk caps or 

tags of special design on all milk bottles distributed during a 
specified period. 

13. Brief announcement slips advertising the Milk Show, the milk contests 

and the Dairy Institute to be sent to all farmers. 

14. Special school children's day. A definite period reserved for pupils 

in upper grades. 

15. Sign at entrance over street. 

16. Pay day. One or more mornings, or a special day set apart for paid 

admissions. 

17. Baby day or baby week. Special attention directed to relation of 

milk or infant welfare through schools, churches, department 
stores, labor unions, moving picture shows, etc. 

18. Special pictorial design to be adopted for use on printed matter, hand- 

books, advertising placards, etc. 

19. Display cards to be posted on bulletin boards of suburban railroad sta- 

tions and in subway and elevated railway stations. 



30 



REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 



In addition to this publicity and advertising, much was accomplished through 
the publication of the preliminary announcement folder and also through notices 
which were sent out to about fifty of the country newspapers. 

The committee on publicity reported to the executive committee that one of 
the billposting companies would place seven hundred and fifty large billposters 
throughout the city for five hundred dollars, but it was decided that this expendi- 
ture would not be warranted in view of the fact that only one thousand dollars had 
been set aside for all advertising. It was, therefore, decided to put the stress of the 
advertising upon an issue of two hundred and fifty thousand small three- by five- 
inch cards which were printed on variously colored stock and in English, Yiddish, 
Italian and Polish. The English cards read as follows : 




'Clean milk) is one of the best and cheapest of all foods. 



Philadelphia Milk Show 



By the Department of Public Health 

and Other Organization* 



May 20th to 27th 



809 Chestnut Street 



It's Free if You Come 
It May Cost Your Health or Life if You Stay Away 

Take No Chances With Dirty Milk 



Why All This Fuss About Milk? 

" Who/ever beard of a Milk Show > All milk looks alike to me.'* 

Yes, milk generally LOOKS clean because it's white. 

If it were not white you could often SEE dirt in it. 
"What harm will a little dirt do, anyway ?" 

Dirt in milk is dangerous. It often ceases sickness and death. 
" How can we be sure that our milk is clean when we buy h > " 

One nay is to by it on a baby; if the baby dies, the milk is bad. 

A better way is to make sure that the Health 'Department does not alloc your 
milkman to sell bad milk. 
" Then it's ALL up to the Health Department, is it >** 

Not en your life; after you get the milk "'* up to you. 

Many a perfectly good baby is killed by milk because mothers and servants are 
careless or don 't know enough. 

We easy to keep m3k CLEAN and COLD and SAFE if you know bow. 

Come to the Milk Show and learn how. 

See the difference between good and bad milk. 

See how the Health Department goorda your health and life every day. 

The Health Department will do more when everybody says it must. 

BRING YOUR FRIENDS OR GET THEM TO BRING YOU. 



Through the cooperation of the Board of Public Education, one hundred and 
seventy thousand of these cards were distributed to all school children in the seventh 



SUMMARIZATION OF WORK OF COMMITTEES 31 

grade or above; and through the cooperation of the Children's Bureau, the Arm- 
strong Association, the Home and School League, and other like institutions, 
seventy-five thousand more of the cards and thousands of the preliminary announce- 
ment folders were distributed in the poorer sections of the city where they would 
do the most good. 

For display advertising in the show windows of stores, upon the bulletin 
boards of subway, elevated and steam railway stations, and within street cars, 
two colored cards were prepared like the inserted illustrations. 

Through the courtesy of the Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company and The 
Car Advertising Company arrangements were perfected whereby cards were dis- 
played within street cars and in the advertising places in subway and elevated rail- 
way stations; and during the period of the Show, white linen signs measuring 
thirty-one inches by forty inches, printed in red, reading : 



FREE 

MILK SHOW 

809 CHESTNUT STREET 



were tied to the fenders on the front of street cars. 

The Pennsylvania Railroad Company and the Philadelphia and Reading Rail- 
road Company likewise cooperated, and had these cards posted on all stations 
within the city and in the adjacent suburban districts. 

The placing of the cards in various stores and shop windows was intrusted to a 
commercial advertising company. 

A process letter was sent to all the city milk dealers asking them to use special 
milk bottle caps and so advertise the Show. The letter read as follows : 

May 3, 1911 
Dear Sir: 

You doubtless know of the Milk Show to be held in this city during the eight days, 
May 20-27. The purpose of the show is to create a demand among the people of Philadel- 
phia for the best milk that can be produced. The Show is therefore being planned "to 
enlighten; not to frighten." 

In order that all of the producers may know of this Show, it has been suggested that 
much good would probably result if dealers would be kind enough to include a brief 
announcement slip in their monthly remittance letters to dairymen. We are therefore 
enclosing herewith a quantity of these announcement slips. Will you not favor us by 
helping to advertise the Show in this way? 

As a further means of advertising the Show, a milk cap of attractive design is to be 
provided for use by progressive dealers during the first days of the Milk Show and a few 
days preceding — eight days in all. The design is a shield on which appear a cow and a 
milk bottle. The only words on the cap are "Clean milk from cow to kitchen. Phila- 
delphia Milk Show. Dobson Building, 809 Chestnut Street, May 20-27. Admission 
free." 

Will you use these caps on your bottles for eight days? They will be furnished 
at 15 cts. per thousand. Orders must be placed at once so that the caps may be ready for 
delivery at the time required. Please inform us as to the number you will require, with 
shipping directions. 

Very truly yours, 

Joseph S. Neff, 

Chairman. 



32 



REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 



Arrangements were made with a dairy supply company to furnish these caps 
at regular market rates. The caps were printed in red as follows : 




Fifty thousand celluloid buttons, stamped with this same design, were dis- 
tributed to children visiting the Show. 

The attendance figures attest to the fact that the advertising was well done con- 
sidering the amount of money applicable to this purpose. 



Committee on Procuring" Exhibits 

Dr. Laweence F. Flick, Chairman 
Dr. Frank A. Craig, Secretary 



Dr. Marie L. Bauer 

Dr. J. P. Bethal 

Dr. C. C. Bingley 

Dr. Jesse D. Burks 

Dr. A. A. Cairns 

Dr. H. C. Campbell 

Dr. Paul Cassidy 

Mr. D. C. Clegg 

Mr. Sydney L. Coburn 

Dr. M. Luise Diev 

Dr. H. B. Felton 

Dr. Charles A. Fife 

Mr. P. P. Gheen 

Dr. W. S. Gimper 

Dr. J. C. Gittings 

Dr. Mary W. Griscom 

Dr. Samuel McC. Hamill 

Dr. Edward B. Hodge, Jr. 

Dr. Francis Jacobs 

Dr. John A. Kolmer 

Dr. Bertha Lewis 



Dr. Paul A. Lewis 
Dr. R. S. McCombs 
Dr. J. W. McConnell 
Dr. J. H. McKee 
Dr. C. J. Marshall 
Dr. H. D. Martien 
Dr. K. F. Meyer 
Dr. Charles Montgomery 
Dr. Arthur Newlin 
Dr. S. W. Newmayer 
Dr. W. T. Rees 
Dr. John Reichel 
Dr. W. D. Robinson 
Dr. R. C. Rosenberger 
Dr. Frances R. Sprague 
Dr. James Talley 
Mr. Roy S. Wallace 
Dr. Joseph Walsh 
Dr. Esther M. Weyle 
Dr. C. Y. White 
Mr. Frank A. Wills 



Mr. Edward Woolman, Jr. 



This committee was held responsible for procuring all the exhibits (whether 
educational or commercial) including the delivery of shipments to the exhibition 
rooms and, finally, the return of the same after the closing of the Show. 



[dangers lurk 
in milk supplyi 



DEVMCtS SHOWN! 



|PLA» MILK EXHIBIT 
TO SHOW THE PUBLIC 
MEED DFPURE SUPPLYl 



[AID FOR MILK SHOW 
PLEASES REYBURN; 
PRAISES OBJEGTI 

"SIlodslM Oil Hoiis and Will- 1 

111 tlUlS," ASI'llS 

Encutiri 

I gTic3EBcninj?imci.| 



[EXPERTS TO TAKE 
UP MILK PROBLESlI 



|MILK EXHIBIT'S AIM IS 
TO TEACH PUBLIC HOW 
TO HTJMM SUPPLY | 

Ai) M» Help to 
' Betwcta Men 

Trade 

VHERE THi 
|rn E NORTH A MEBICAK 

[PURE MILK SHOW 
REAOYFORITS 
PUBLIC OPENING I 

| Sanitary Eipioiis By National and| 

Siati Connisilon «n 

Placid on Vim 

Jtihc'Bjcntnii (Times I 



Ibigmeettbgto 
plan bilk. show i 



[SAVING OF BABIES 
AIM OF MILK SHOW 
BEGINNING TODAYS 

|f«rilcia« Will Till Moltus Hot 

lo Assort Uttll Ones III- 

adulliraled Food 

| ghcTTnciiinrt Simes | 
CONSIDER MILK PROBLEM. 



|T0 EXHIBIT NEW AND 
OLD MILK METHOOSl 



I nir NottTji \m i:hic-\n 1 



TO SELL MILK 

| Milk Show Opens With Large | 
Attendance of Users 

Dealers STAR | 

| LECTURES ARE 10 

BE GIVEN EACH DAYl 



I MILK SHOW OPENS 
DAIRY INSTITUTE! 



ItXPLRTS to assistB 
AT BIG MILK SHOW B 

[sEfrcigggV Hn-fa.H 


MILK SHOW LECTURES 1 
IH MANY LAHGUAftS 

■ 

mr.NtiirrnXMKiucAK 



[WILL ASK fOREIGHERS 
TO PHM MILK SHOW I 



■ B* FVmtcH In Poltili 



| SUNDAY THRONGS 
AT THE MILK SHOW! 



■ lessons for children! 



[MILK SHOW FACTS 
TOLD IN YIDDISH 
TO SUNDAY CROWDSl 

flu- Tjwmm i, iTimcg 

['LITTLE MOTHERS' WILLI 

ATTEND MILK SHOW 



Press.1 



THE METROPOLIS MWw' 



[CIk Jntrllifjrntfr. 



[children learn 
lessons in milk! 



| NEW ATTRACTIONS 
AT THE MILK SHOW | 



[INTEREST GROWS 
IN MILK CRUSADEl 

by EiptsU m Vjjfiiu. 
|CIVIC CLUB PROGRAM | 

lira o r »r 



|Th« Cleveland Prtu| 

77v Gimf 



Speakers at Milk Show Point Out That It Is II oman 's Duty to Keep Supply Clean After It Leaves Dealer! 




Eerie dispatch 



: Women*) D.iy ,it Philadelphia! 
Show Marked By Throngs! 
From Out of Town Clubs 

— STAT 

JAUIHORMY rXPLAINS 

I IICC At H>1«1( HOI 7«I 



I die Sff' 1 - Pn?33.| 



CALLS UNCLEAN MILK | 
A SLAYER OF INFANTS! 


Illicit* St-fJiMh of CliiM Un-J 
/i1U:NOHTIIA3JKB1CAmI 



CITV'OUGHT~tO T€ST 

PASTEURIZE ITS 



OF MILKSHQW HERE| 

IfVt'Ur* K>hi 



■RECORD KTIFNDHNCl ON 
MILK SHOW'S UST 0«r| 

|i5he"£DcninaiIime«| 



|DAY FOR MOTHERS 
AT MILK EXHIBIT 



! ixtic; 



Press. 



I'OON'TS' FOR THE PUBLIC 

IN THE CARE OF MILK 



I . . 



[MILK SHOW CLOSES 
WITH BIG CROWDS 



[Soston Cranstrqit Bj Hie 



Press. 



". Should! 
BeMade Responsible. 
I Uhjed 

THE FLY DANtiERl 
rn e y orth A,^rKRicAj» I 

EXPERTS DISCDSS 
MILK REGULATION! 



| HEALTH OFFICERS ■SCHOOL CHILDREN 
HOLD CONFERENCE^ VISIT MILK SHOW| 

( DtiiyCt 

| iXheiil^Pn;s3.B| ghcgFgV. prcs3.| 



|l»irl> M>l>. in. I ill.' Iiilimll 

I'. ..I, jrvrj- 



ILIVE CATTLE USED 
IN DEMONSTRATING 
DAIRY SANITATION 

I (Thf "JTncmnu <Timr;i I 



.'. H7 TH 



■■•■ I'ltU HECD ttDl 

PRIZES FOR PURITY 
AWARDED AT PHILA. 

MILK SHOW TODAY I 

Siiir Capt «l CvtflMUt fr*u| 
Wn«iri AaMf 500 

Cirtttwts 

ghttxicniTm Jimcs I 



TO PROTECT MILK 



[THOUSAND PUPILS 
OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS 
VISIT MILK SHOWl 

|Sptd* Durj Eftiiii Is Kui:n(\ 
■ ' ■ "7 Ftf f J 

Bq 

[ illicTvicninp gimfs | 

[PURE MILK PRIZES 

AWARDED TODAYI 







JBE EVENING STAR 



A FEW HEADLINES. SHOWING THE WAY THE NEWSPAPERS HELPED 



al 



SUMMARIZATION OF WORK OF COMMITTEES 33 

In planning the work of this committee, a proposed list of exhibits was pre- 
pared, similar classes of exhibits being grouped together. Subcommittees were 
next appointed, each of which was made responsible for the procuring of all the 
exhibits of one general class: 

Class A. Modern laboratory equipped with apparatus used in the examina- 
tion of milk. Demonstration of methods; effect of temperature on bacterial 
growth. Methods of examining milk to show accurate and well-applied tests of 
milk; chemical and physical qualities; adulterations, alterations, and impurities 
of every sort. 

Class B. Reproduction of model stable and reproduction of a poor stable. 
Exhibit of tuberculosis in cattle. Exhibits from the United States Government. 
Exhibit by the producers of certified milk. Pyramid of bottles in iced cases to 
be renewed each day, and to have next to it a stand from which certified milk is 
sold at the market price. Exhibit of model of Neill-Roach Farms, Louisville, Ky., 
and French Brothers' Farm, Cincinnati, Ohio. Exhibit from railroad companies, 
plans and photographs of refrigerator cars and icing stations. 

Class C. Charts of milk-borne epidemics of typhoid fever and other infectious 
diseases (Bureau of Health). Exhibits of New York Milk Committee and the 
Modified Milk Society. Graphic demonstration of relative value of various food 
products as compared with milk. Exhibit from New York Department of Health. 
Exhibit from Department of Health, state of Maryland. Exhibits from other 
states and cities. Infant mortality in relation to milk. Red light flash indicating 
infant mortality death-rate (after the plan used at the Baltimore Conference on 
Infant Mortality). 

Class D. Methods of taking samples by city milk inspectors, and forwarding 
the same to the laboratory. Demonstration of proper methods of capping, mark- 
ing and dating bottles. 

Class E. Demonstration of proper and inexpensive means of preserving 
milk in the home. 

Class F. Demonstration of visible dirt in milk and its composition by means 
of separators. Butter and cheese exhibits and appliances used in manufacturing 
them. Methods of manufacturing ice cream. Dairy equipment and appliances. 

Class G. Exhibit of Veterinary Department, University of Pennsylvania 
(tuberculosis). 

Class H. Moving pictures of milk and handling milk on bad dairy farms and 
on good dairy farms. Photographs of milk wagons and receiving stations. Photo- 
graphs of the interior of places in which milk is sold. Photographs of places in 
which ice cream is made. 

Class I. Commercial exhibits. 

The chairmen of these subcommittees were each made individually responsible 
for the securing of the exhibits included in their respective classes; their receipt 
3 



34 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 

at the railroad stations or delivery to the exhibition rooms; and the proper return 
shipment after the Show. Each chairman had the privilege of appointing as many 
associate members as needed. 

The first point to be determined was that concerning the general character of 
the exhibits in each class, and, in this regard, the committee was careful lest some 
exhibit should be made which would disgust visitors with milk as a beverage, al- 
though it was desirous that exhibits should be made with the idea of impressing on 
visitors the importance of clean milk. The approximate amount of floor space 
required for each exhibit was next estimated by the subcommittees and reported 
to the main committee. After consulting the floor plans of the exhibition rooms, 
as drawn by the architects, the floor space asked for was at once assigned to each 
subcommittee in accordance with the amount of floor space available, at the same 
time, attempting to keep the exhibits in a rational sequence. 

After consultation with the committee on arrangements in general, it was 
decided that this committee should be responsible for the transfer of exhibits to 
the exhibition rooms from the railroad stations and for the return of the exhibits 
after the Show. Specific shipping directions were furnished to all exhibitors. 
Shippers were instructed to attach an envelope to each shipment, containing a 
description of the contents and explicit instructions regarding the handling of the 
exhibit, a duplicate of this description and instructions to be forwarded to the com- 
mittee on arrangements in general. (See committee on arrangements in general, 
p. 23.) Dates were set for the receipt, installation and removal of exhibits. Esti- 
mates were prepared of the number and kind of counters, tables, railings, etc.; 
water, gas, and electricity connections; and the specifications of posters and signs 
required, and the committee on arrangements in general notified to provide the 
same. 

Commercial exhibitors were charged fifty cents a square foot for floor space 
and all commercial exhibits were carefully censored. The following letter was sent 
to prospective exhibitors in this class : 

May 2, 1911 
Dear Sirs: 

As the letter indicates, a Milk Show is to take place at 809 Chestnut Street, from 
May 20th to May 27th. We have a certain amount of space for commercial exhibits and 
would be glad to hear from you if you wish to exhibit. The charge for space will be fifty 
cents per square foot. Since the amount of space is limited, it would be worth while 
applying as soon as possible. 

Yours very truly, 

Joseph Walsh, 732 Pine Street, 
Chairman Committee on Commercial Exhibits. 

Accompanying this letter was a blank or contract, to be used in applying for 
space, and on the reverse side, the regulations regarding commercial exhibits. 
(For reprint, see appendix E on p. 106.) 

One of the commercial exhibits was so heavy that it could not safely be installed 
with the remaining commercial exhibits on the second floor and it was, therefore, 
installed in the lecture hall on the first floor of the adjoining building. Certain 
privileges were conceded to commercial exhibitors; namely, milk dealers asked 
to be allowed to give a glass of milk to each visitor; an exhibitor of cheese and butter 
wished to give away samples on crackers; and another exhibitor of milk-chocolate 
wished to give away samples of his products. No commercial exhibitor was allowed 
to sell samples. 



SUMMARIZATION OF WORK OF COMMITTEES 35 

Committee on Lectures and Demonstrations 

Dr. J. T. Rugh, Chairman 

Dr. E. J. C. Beardsley Dr. Edward B. Hodge, Jr. 

Dr. W. N. Bradley Dr. H. R. M. Landis 

Dr. Ward Brinton Dr. Theodore LeBoutillier 

Dr. J. D. Brittingham Dr. C. J. Marshall 

Dr. Alexander Davisson Dr. H. Brooker Mills 

Dr. H. Kennedy Hill Dr. Maurice Ostheimer 

Dr. John F. Sinclair 

The duties of this committee were to prepare the program of daily lectures and 
to provide demonstrators to explain the various exhibits. Several of the speakers 
whom this committee desired to secure for addresses, were also desired by the com- 
mittee on dairy institutes and milk contests and the committee on the conference 
of health officers. These three committees therefore held joint conferences and 
all the programs were worked out so that no conflicts of appointments occurred. 
For example, arrangements were perfected so that a speaker, desired by all three 
committees, could address the Conference of Health Officers in the morning, the 
Milk Show in the afternoon and the Dairy Institute the following morning. When 
necessary, the expenses were paid of speakers coming from a distance. A few days 
before the opening of the Show, copies of the printed programs were sent to all 
presiding officers of meetings and all speakers with the name and date underscored 
as a reminder of such engagements. 

A schedule of hours covering the entire Show was arranged and capable dem- 
onstrators were provided at all times to take groups of visitors around the Show 
rooms, answer questions and speak about the salient points of the various exhibits. 
On Sunday one of the demonstrators gave explanations in Yiddish. Demon- 
strators were paid the nominal sum of one dollar an hour for their services. 

This committee succeeded in gathering together a notable list of speakers who 
delivered a most interesting series of addresses, and the great educational value of 
the verbal explanations of the exhibits was evidenced by the large crowds that 
thronged the booths when the demonstrators were explaining objects and processes. 



Committee on Conference of Health Officers 

Mr. John A. Vogleson, Chairman 
Dr. A. C. Abbott Dr. W. L. Coplin 

Dr. A. A. Cairns Dr. D. Braden Kyle 

Dr. Joseph S. Neff 

This committee was charged with the preparation of arrangements for the 
Conference of Health Officers to discuss the report of the Philadelphia Milk Com- 
mission. The Hotel Bellevue-Stratford was secured as a meeting place and a 
program prepared, copies of which were mailed to all the health officers of Penn- 
sylvania, Maryland, New Jersey and Delaware, and the large cities throughout 
the country. The complete program is given in appendix B on p. 87. 



36 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 



Committee on Education 

Mr. Alexander M. Wilson, Chairman 
Dr. Martin G. Brumbaugh Dr. Charles A. Fife 

Dr. Walter S. Cornell Mr. William A. Stecher 

Owing to the brief period of time before the opening of the Show, the labors 
of this committee were concentrated upon the preparation of a series of educational 
leaflets for free distribution at the Show; the printing of the program and a pam- 
phlet containing the members of committees and lists of patronesses; and the per- 
fection of arrangements whereby the school children in the higher grades could 
attend the Show. 

This committee was not in favor of the publication of an extensive hand-book 
for the exhibition, but recommended that separate leaflets on different subjects 
relating to milk be prepared, believing that these leaflets would be more suitable 
because of both the shortness of the time which was available for the preparation 
and the necessary large expense in the publication of a book. 

In addition to the work done by the members of this committee in the prepara- 
tion of the leaflets, invaluable help was rendered by Dr. E. G. Marshall, Dr. Alonzo 
E. Taylor, Dr. Alfred Hand, Dr. Joseph S. Neff, Dr. Edwin E. Graham and Mr. 
Porter R. Lee. The leaflets are reprinted in full, in appendix D, p. 92. 

The main idea followed in the preparation of these educational leaflets was to 
obtain an attractive, interesting and authentic series of truths on all the various 
phases of the milk problem, so composed and printed that the public would take 
them home and read them. These leaflets were standardized as to size and com- 
position, and were punched so that, with the cover that was provided, the entire 
collection could be bound together with a string for safe keeping. The cover was 
prepared of fairly heavy cardboard and served, when the leaflets were included, 
as a hand-book of the exhibit, containing in brief, clear language the principal 
lessons to be learned from the various exhibits and addresses. 

During the period of the exhibition two hundred and forty-five thousand of 
these leaflets of strictly educational nature were distributed, costing three hundred 
and ninety-eight dollars. Twenty-five thousand programs were printed and dis- 
tributed at a cost of sixty-seven dollars, and ten thousand of the special leaflets, 
containing the members of committees and lists of patronesses, at a cost of one 
hundred and twenty-six dollars. Since it was impossible to estimate with any 
degree of accuracy previous to the opening of the Show, how many of the various 
leaflets would be required, it was necessary to give the committee the authority 
to order them as required. 

This committee recommended that the following statement should be printed 
in the program exculpating the Milk Show from responsibility in connection with 
any declarations which might be made by commercial exhibitors : 

Although the Philadelphia Milk Show has tried to censor the commercial ex- 
hibits properly, it cannot hold itself responsible for statements or opinions expressed by 
commercial exhibitors, nor particularly recommend their products above other similar ones. 

One of the most valuable accomplishments of this committee was the arrange- 
ment with the Board of Public Education and the street railway company, whereby 



SUMMARIZATION OF WORK OF COMMITTEES 37 

it was made possible for all the school children in the seventh and eighth grades to 
attend the Show. Through the kindness of the Philadelphia Rapid Transit Com- 
pany, these children were transported free in special cars. 

The method of handling the children on coming to the Show was most carefully 
planned. All children were accompanied by their teachers and were kept in double 
line, entering the exhibition by the main front entrance and leaving by the rear 
exits. Their progress through the exhibition rooms was necessarily somewhat 
hurried, but, even so, it is probable that they absorbed many lessons and in many 
cases upon their return home interested their parents to the point of attending the 
Show. 

It was generally desired that all the children see the moving pictures, yet this 
proved to be impossible, as the lecture hall seated only about three hundred and 
fifty and between two and three thousand children visited the Show each afternoon 
from one to three o'clock. Since it took twenty minutes to display one film and 
ten minutes to fill and empty the hall, making thirty minutes in all, it was obviously 
impossible to have all the children see these pictures, so the only thing to be done was 
to fill the hall with as many children as possible. 

Regarding the distribution of the educational leaflets during the Show, the 
method followed was to give copies of all the leaflets to every visitor. During the 
first two days much of this literature was thrown aside in the show rooms and woe- 
fully wasted. It was deemed advisable, however, to continue to distribute this 
literature as had been started, even though much was wasted, believing that, the 
wider the circulation of these educational leaflets, the more good would ultimately 
result. This policy proved to be well founded, for as the Show progressed and the 
community began to realize its great value, the leaflets were eagerly accepted and 
preserved. In fact, the demand for the leaflets was so great that, for brief periods 
on certain of the heaviest days, the supply was exhausted before additional quanti- 
ties could be secured from the printers. The waste which had been so apparent 
at the start of the Show was entirely lacking at the close. 

In addition to the educational leaflets, a supply of an instructive wall placard 
was kindly furnished by the Russell Sage Foundation for free distribution. This 
placard, portraying in parallel columns contrasting conditions in the production, 
handling, distribution, and use of milk, is reproduced on the plate facing p. 38. 



Committee on Dairy Institutions and Milk Contests 

. Dr. Louis A. Klein, Chairman 
Mr. A. B. Huey Mr. Frank Titus 

Dr. C. M. Seltzer Mr. Henry Woolman 

The chief duties of this committee were the preparation of a program for the 
three days' sessions of the Dairy Institute; the making of arrangements for the 
meetings of the Institute; the installation of an exhibit showing, under the same 
roof, good and bad types of dairy stables; the composition of copy concerning the 



38 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 

Milk Show and the Dairy Institute for country newspapers; and the arrangements 
for holding the milk and cream contests. 

The program for the Dairy Institute was easily arranged by correspondence, 
after this committee had consulted with the committee on lectures and demonstra- 
tions and the committee on conference of health officers so that no conflicts would 
ensue. The complete program is reprinted as appendix C on p. 89. 

The Veterinary School of the University of Pennsylvania was an ideal meeting 
place for the Institute, since it was easy of access, commodious lecture rooms were 
available, and the courtyard furnished the necessary space for the reproduction 
of the dairy stables. The Dairy Institute, including a description of the stables, 
is reported in detail on p. 47. 

This committee also completed all the details and arrangements for holding 
the milk and cream contests. Dr. George M. Whitaker, chief of the Dairy Divi- 
sion of the United States Department of Agriculture, was secured as judge of 
awards and to have general supervision over the contests. Entry blanks for each 
of the four classes, (1) certified milk, (2) certified cream, (3) market milk, and (4) 
market cream, were printed. (For reprint of these entry blanks refer to appendix 
F on p. 108.) A supply of addressed shipping tags for use in forwarding milk 
samples was also provided. (For reproduction of tag, see plate facing p. 16.) 

Small three- by five-inch notices were also printed calling particular attention 
to the Dairy Institute to be held at the Veterinary School of the University of 
Pennsylvania. (See plate facing p. 16.) 

The names and addresses of over five thousand farmers shipping milk to Phila- 
delphia were secured from the Division of Milk Inspection of the Bureau of Health 
and entry blanks for the market milk and cream contests were mailed to each pro- 
ducer. Enclosed in each envelope, besides the two entry blanks, were two shipping 
tags, a notice of the Dairy Institute and a preliminary announcement folder of the 
Milk Show. 

In addition, a supply of entry blanks for the certified milk and cream contests, 
with shipping tags and other literature, was mailed to all the secretaries of the 
certified milk commissions throughout the country with a letter reading : 

May 3, 1911. 
Dear Doctor: 

We enclose herewith several entry blanks for certified milk and cream for the milk 
contests to be held in Philadelphia in connection with the Milk Show, May 20th to 27th. 
Will you be kind enough to place one copy of each form of entry blank in the hands 
of those persons producing certified milk under the supervision of your commission? 

Very truly yours, 

Louis A. Klein, 

Chairman of Committee. 

The results of the milk and cream contests are reported in detail on p. 48. 



MUK 



Q/RTY. 



CL£AM' 




/ti/SS£ll SACE FOUNDATION. D£fiTarCMLDH£l.f>me. IDr£iSrZ3."ST*ir 

Plate VII Size of Drawing, 9 J^ Inches by 15 Inches 

EDUCATIONAL PLACARD DISTRIBUTED TO VISITORS. FURNISHED BY RUSSELL SAGE 

FOUNDATION 



SUMMARIZATION OF WORK OF COMMITTEES 



Committee on Social Organizations 

Mr. J. Prentice Murphy, Chairman 

Mr. Charles T. Walker, Secretary 

Mr. Joseph Bartilucci Mrs. Edwin C. Grice 

Mr. Henry H. Bonnell Mr. James Hickey 

Mrs. R. R. P. Bradford Mr. B. F. Lee, Jr. 

Mr. Joseph Di Silvestro Miss Margaret Lehman 

Rev. J. P. Duefy Rabbi B. L. Leventhal 

Rev. H. L. Duhring Mrs. Louis C. Madeira 

Mr. John T. Emlen Miss Katherine Melley 

Mr. Thomas S. Evans Miss Laura N. Platt 

Mrs. W. W. Frazier Miss Florence L. Sanville 

Rev. Carl E. Grammer Mr. Edwin D. Solenberger 

It was necessary that this committee should work harmoniously with the com- 
mittee on publicity and on education and should be kept informed of the plans of 
these two committees, for the reason that much of the work covered closely related 
phases of the same field. This committee therefore held several joint meetings 
with these committees, otherwise there would probably have resulted much dupli- 
cation of effort. This committee at the start instituted a very active campaign 
with the various social organizations in the city, in order that through them the 
great mass of working people might be notified of the exhibit and urged to attend. 
To enlist the support and to secure the endorsement of the Milk Show movement 
by the various hospitals, day nurseries, social clubs, and other charitable organiza- 
tions, a process letter including a preliminary announcement folder and two of the 
small advertising cards was sent out to the officers and directors of such institutions. 

The letter read as follows : 

May 15, 1911 
Dear Sir: 

The enclosed preliminary announcement will explain the purpose of an exhibition 
which is to be given as a means of educating the public to the necessity for producing and 
handling milk in a sanitary manner and the value of good milk as a food in the home. 

By direction of the executive committee I am writing you for the purpose of securing 
the endorsement of your society in our general plan and possibly the aid which you can 
render in the promotion of this cooperation. To this end we are asking permission to 
use your name as one of the cooperating agencies which are actively interested in the pro- 
motion of such an educational exhibit. Will you kindly give this request your immediate 
attention and the possibilities of the Show wide publicity and let me have your answer 
at the earliest moment? 

Believe me, Very truly yours, 

(Signed) J. Prentice Murphy. 

After careful discussion as to the various ways and means whereby the social 
organizations in the city could be used most effectively as distributing centers for 
information concerning the Milk Show in order to drive home the principles back 
of the Show, it was decided that the problem of reaching the large foreign popula- 
tion could best be handled by appointing subcommittees to take charge of this work. 
For example, one of these subcommittees was able definitely to reach all the Italians 
and Jews, thereby explaining the purpose of the Show and disarming the recently 
arrived emigrant of any misgivings concerning the Show. Certain members of 
this committee were in close touch with all of the Jewish and Italian newspapers 
and supplied material for their columns, and copy was also supplied to certain other 
papers which are printed in various parts of the city and which are strictly local 
in their character. Another subcommittee was in touch with the associations of 
neighborhood workers (which included all the settlements of Philadelphia) and the 



40 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 

Philadelphia Association of Day Nurseries. Through these two agencies alone, 
many thousands of mothers were reached. Another member of the committee 
was associated with certain trade organizations and also reached several of the social 
clubs for girls. 



Committee on Patronesses and Aides 

Mrs. Talcott Williams, Chairman 

Miss Gertrude E. Leidy, Secretary 
Mrs. Cyrus Alder Mrs. William F. Jenks 

Mrs. Jasper Y. Brinton Mrs. William M. Kerr 

Mrs. Edward P. Davis Mrs. R. Tait McKenzie 

Miss Henrietta B. Ely Mrs. James P. McNichol 

Mrs. Chancellor C. English Mrs. George Wharton Pepper 

Mrs. Edward Beecher Finck Miss Frances A. Wister 

Mrs. Edwin C. Grice Mrs. Owen Wister 






The chief duties of this committee were to enlist the support and cooperation 
of the various hospitals and to attend to the distribution of the educational leaflets 
at the exhibition rooms. 

To this end, the committee sent out a process letter and a reply post card to 
hospital aid societies asking for their cooperative support and also to a selected 
list of ladies inviting them to act as patronesses. This letter read as follows: 

Dear Madam: 

Realizing the value of pure milk to all hospitals and institutions, the officers and 
directors of the Philadelphia Milk Show, to be held May 20th to 27th, at 809-813 Chest- 
nut Street, request the honor of using the names of the members of your committee as 
patronesses of the Philadelphia Milk Show. Your prompt acceptance will be greatly 
appreciated, as it is the desire of those in charge to publish the names of your committee 
as indorsing the necessity of pure milk for Philadelphia. 

If your board does not meet before May 12th, could you not ask on the telephone 
the consent of sufficient members to authorize you to permit the use of their names, so 
that your board can be represented among the patronesses? 

Sincerely yours, 

Mrs. Talcott Williams, 

916 Pine Street, Philadelphia, 
Chairman, Committee on Patronesses and Aides. 

We trust that all patronesses will appreciate the importance of this exhibit to 
farmers, gardeners, dairymen, cooks, child-nurses, and those entrusted with the care of 
milk and other foods, restaurant and boarding-house keepers, and employees of soda 
fountains, etc. It is hoped that a concerted effort will be made to secure their attendance. 

During the week of the Show, this committee performed most valuable service 
in distributing the educational literature at the exhibition rooms. Each day was 
assigned to the particular charge of one of the patronesses who acted as chairman 
for the day, and she in turn selected such aides to help as were needed. The duties 
of the aides consisted in arranging in order sets of ten different leaflets, with a 
program of the lectures, which were placed within cover folders and handed to all 
visitors as they came in the entrance. The aides wore badges and a certain num- 
ber were on hand at all times throughout the week to help with this work. The 
record, illustrated on the following page, showing the assignments of the different 
days was prepared on a large chart and was hung up in the literature booth on the 
first floor which was used exclusively by this committee during the Show. 



SUMMARIZATION OF WORK OF COMMITTEES 



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PART THREE 

General Description 






Plate XI Full Size 

ENGRAVED INVITATION TO PRIVATE VIEW, HELD DAY BEFORE PUBLIC OPENING 



let/em/ 



PART THREE 

General Description 



Milk Show 

The buildings occupied by the Milk Show were attractively decorated with the 
national colors and a large sign stretching across the front above the entrance, 
reading, 



THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 
To Enlighten— Not To Frighten 



At night, a large electric sign, reading, 



MILK SHOW 



was used, showing in both directions on the street. In front of the adjoining lecture 
hall were signs giving the hours of the lectures and of the moving pictures. 

Friday afternoon, May 19th, a private view of the exhibits was held. Approxi- 
mately nineteen hundred engraved invitations were mailed to all members of City 
Councils, judges of the courts, principal officials of the different municipal depart- 
ments, the Philadelphia representatives in the State and National Government, 
members of Milk Show committees, guarantors, contributors known at the time 
of mailing, newspaper men, and principals and teachers of the higher grade schools. 

On Saturday morning, May 20th, at 10 o'clock, the doors were thrown open 
to the general public. The exhibit was kept open daily from 10 a. m. until 10 p. m., 
with the exception of Sunday, when the doors were not opened until 1 p. m. On 
the following Saturday evening the exhibition closed, after having been visited 
by over one hundred and ten thousand six hundred persons, the daily attendance 
being as follows : 

45 



46 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 

Saturday, May 20 9,619 

Sunday, May 21 2,200 

Monday, May 22 14,871 

Tuesday, May 23 ... 15,095 

Wednesday, May 24 17,603 

Thursday, May 25 17,172 » 

Friday, May 26 16,272 

Saturday, May 27 17,849 

Total 110,681 

The exhibition was supplemented by free lectures at noon, in the afternoons, 
and evenings, dealing with various phases of the milk question, and moving picture 
films on "The Man Who Learned" and "The Fly," which were given at the be- 
ginning and the close of each lecture. For subjects and speakers, see complete 
program in appendix A on p. 84. 

Before the lecture and moving picture performance in the adjoining lecture 
hall, a crier with a megaphone went through the exhibition rooms announcing the 
subject and the speaker and urging visitors to attend. The lectures and moving 
pictures were also announced on a bulletin board and several large signs which were 
placed at conspicuous points. 

No figures are available showing the actual attendance at the lectures, but 
they were well attended notwithstanding the fact that very hot weather prevailed. 
In fact, the attendance at both the Show and lectures far surpassed the most 
sanguine expectations. Numerous requests were received asking the executive 
committee to keep the Show open for a longer period, but this was not thought 
advisable, since all agreements and contracts, with guarantors, speakers, exhibitors, 
tradesmen, etc., had been made for the stated period ending May 27th. 



Conference of State and Municipal Health Officers 

The sessions of the Conference of Health Officers were not less interesting and 
instructive. The Philadelphia Record in reporting the Conference says: 

Health officials from every section of the country met yesterday at the Bellevue- 
Stratford and spent the entire day exchanging views as to what can be done to regulate 
and protect the milk supplies of large cities and discussing the recommendations of the 
Philadelphia Milk Commission with regard to regulations for this city. 

The meeting was held under the auspices of the Philadelphia Department of Public 
Health and Charities, which desired expressions of opinion from experts from other sec- 
tions of the country before attempting to embody the report in practical legislation. 
Copies of the report were sent a month ago to those invited to participate, with the request 
that they give it their careful consideration, and be prepared to comment upon it at the 
meeting. An almost unqualified indorsement of the report by the visiting experts was 
the result, with here and there a doubt as to whether certain proposed regulations could 
be enforced. 

Following the morning session, the delegates were taken in automobiles to the 
new Municipal Hospital for Contagious Diseases as the guests of the Director of 
the Department of Public Health and Charities. After an inspection of the 



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distribution op Attendance. 

M05T HEAVILY SHADED PORTIO/15 5HOW HOUR3 WHE/i ATTE/lDA/lCt 

WA5 GREATEST 

EACH SHADED BLOCK KEPEeSt«T3 O/AE. THOU3AHD VOITOE3 
CexoolT BOTTOM BLOCK OP EACH DAILY COLUMN WHERE ACTUAL. ^UMBtE IS CIVM) 



HOUE 



DAY OF WfcEiK (MAY 20-27) 




MORE DEMO/ISTEATOES, ATTEHDA/1T5, POLICErME: f\, 
PIEEMEA, HEL.PE.E.S, £TC. Wfcl^E: R&QUTEED TO 
BEL OM. DUTY DUEIflG EUSH HOURS 



GENERAL DESCRIPTION 47 

property and explanation of the methods employed, the visitors were entertained 
at luncheon. The complete program of the Conference is printed as appendix B 
on p. 87. 






Dairy Institute 



To complete the addresses on the various milk problems incident to a city's 
milk supply, the Dairy Institute held crowded sessions of great interest and value 
to the milk producers at the Veterinary School of the University of Pennsylvania. 
A noteworthy course of lectures was delivered during the three days' sessions by 
men actively engaged in the subjects discussed. (See list of lectures and speakers 
in appendix C on p. 89.) The sessions were held between 10 a. m. and 1 p. m., 
so that the farmers could visit the Milk Show in the afternoon. 

Besides the courses of lectures, much attention was attracted by a unique 
exhibit in the courtyard showing in a forceful way good and bad dairy stable condi- 
tions and a type of inexpensive milk house for use on small dairy farms. The cattle 
in these stables were brought from farms where conditions prevailed exactly as 
shown in these reproductions. 

To represent the two types of stables an old frame shed was used. This was 
divided by a partition into two rooms, one of which was freshly whitewashed; no 
cobwebs or dust appeared on the walls or ceilings; the windows were screened with 
cheese-cloth for ventilation, and to exclude flies and dust; and a cement floor and 
gutter were provided. 

This room was arranged to allow one thousand cubic feet of air space and eight 
square feet of window space per cow. It was fitted with comfortable stalls in which 
clean, healthy cows appeared to be enjoying their inexpensive but sanitary quarters. 

In the adjoining room the conditions were such as are found on many of the 
bad dairy farms which are daily supplying dirty and unwholesome milk to numerous 
consumers. The walls and ceiling were covered with dust and cobwebs. Over- 
head a loose floor allowed the dust and chaff to sift down from the hay-mow into 
the pail while milking. The dirt floor was rough and uneven, covered with soiled 
litter, and was without gutter for drainage. 

The two small windows were totally inadequate to supply sufficient light and 
ventilation. The cows were crowded together, there being insufficient floor space 
and air content for the number housed in this small room. The cows appeared 
uncomfortable and unhealthy, their flanks and udders being soiled with dried 
manure, much of which would be dislodged and fall into the pail during milking. 

The manure from this stable was thrown just outside the door, forming an ill 
smelling pile adjacent to the watering trough, in which the milk cans were placed 
to cool, this being a common practice on farms of this type. 

At proper distance from the good stable was placed the milk house, which was 
constructed of rough lumber, with the doors and windows screened, with cement 
floor providing good drainage, and equipped with the utensils necessary to care for 
the milk properly. The interior and exterior of the building were whitewashed and 
presented a neat, clean and tidy appearance. 



48 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 

The whole exhibit was inexpensive and was designed to show that clean, whole- 
some milk can be produced under average conditions without the expenditure of 
large sums of money. 



Milk and Cream Contests 

In connection with the Milk Show there was held a milk and cream contest 
under the immediate direction of the Dairy Division of the United States Depart- 
ment of Agriculture. Dr. George M. Whitaker, the chief of this division, was 
judge of awards. 

The market milk and cream classes were open to producers sending milk and 
cream to the Philadelphia market, while the certified milk and cream classes were 
open to those dairies producing milk and cream under the certification of the com- 
missions which are members of the American Association of Medical Milk Com- 
missions. 

Entries for the market milk and market cream contests were received from all 
parts of the adjacent country and entries of certified milks were forwarded from 
points as distant as Waukesba, Wisconsin; Genesee Depot, Wisconsin; Toronto, 
Ontario (2); Glendale, Ohio; and Dixon, California. One of the Wisconsin dairies 
scored 90, and the other 91.75 out of a possible 100. The Dixon, California, dairy 
scored 85. 

Through the kindness of the Reading Terminal Market and Cold Storage 
Warehouse Company, the various samples of milk and cream shipped here for 
entry in these contests were placed in cold storage free of cost. 

Keen interest was taken by producers generally in the award of the prizes 
for the best samples of milk and cream submitted in the contests. On the after- 
noon of the closing day of the Show, the prizes were awarded by Doctor Whitaker, 
who made bacteriological counts of all samples and judged them as to food value, 
cleanliness and acidity. First and second prizes, consisting of silver cups donated 
by the Milk Commission of the Philadelphia Pediatric Society, were awarded in 
each class and all other dairymen whose products scored above 90.00 were awarded 
diplomas. 

The list of awards and point rating follows : 

CERTIFIED MILK 

Swain Brothers, Kearny, N. J., 96.00 First Prize, Silver Cup 

*W. P. Schanck, Avon, N. Y., 95.25 Second Prize, Silver Cup 

*Willowbrook Farm, Willow Grove, Pa., 95.25 Diploma 

Middlebrook Farm, Dover, N. H 94.75 Diploma 

Belvidere Dairy, Landenberg, Pa., 91.90 Diploma 

O. L. Williams, " Wern Farm," Waukesba, Wis., 91.75 Diploma 

Haddon Farms, Haddonfield, N. J., 91.00 Diploma 

Brook Hill Farm, Genesee Depot, Wis., 90.00 Diploma 

* Doctor Whitaker reports as follows: In regard to the two contestants in the certified milk class 
that had the same rating, Willowbrook Farm and W. P. Schanck, of Avon, N. Y., each had a score of 
95.25, but the number of bacteria found in Mr. Schanck's milk was only 400, while in the Willowbrook 
Farm's it was 3400; hence, although the final score happened to come out the same, I feel that the 
Schanck specimen was really a little superior to the other and reported it as taking the second honor, 
though on the total score it was tied with the Willowbrook Farm. 



ffjUaMpfjia Milk B^arn 



PHILADELPHIA. PENNSYLVANIA 

MAY 200, TO 270,. 1911 



MILK AND CREAM CONTEST 
2tytH fa t0 flfcrttfg that was awarded this 

itplnma 

fa tht * _.„ . „.__. — _ Class, having entered a sample of 
which scored- points. 




JUDGE OF AWARDS 



CHAIRMAN. COMMITTEE ON "DAIRY INSTtTUTES 
AND MILK CONTESTS 



CXECUT1VE COMMITTEE 



Plate XIII Size Within Border, 814 Inches by \0]4 Inches 

DIPLOMA EMBOSSED WITH CITY SEAL AWARDED IN MILK AND CREAM CONTESTS 



GENERAL DESCRIPTION 



49 



CERTIFIED CREAM 

Wawa Dairy Farms, Wawa, Pa 90.50 

Brook Hill Farm, Genesee Depot, Wis., 88.00 

MARKET MILK 

Thomas Brothers^ Edgemont, Pa., 96.50 

Isaac Rohrer, Gordonville, Pa., 96.00 

W. H. Rohrer, Strasburg, Pa 94.75 

John R. Kendig, Pomeroy, Pa., 94.65 

William H. Jones, Upper Darby, Pa., 92.50 

David Wilson, New Centreville, Pa., 91.50 

George R. North, Lyndell, Pa., 91.50 

MARKET CREAM 

David Wilson, New Centreville, Pa., 90.75 

J. C. Nolan, Mt. Airy, Pa 78.50 



First Prize, Silver Cup 
Second Prize, Silver Cup 



First Prize, Silver Cup 

Second Prize, Silver Cup 

Diploma 

Diploma 

Diploma 

Diploma 

Diploma 



First Prize, Silver Cup 
Second Prize, Silver Cup 



The average score of all the dairies entering samples in the four classes was 
85.26, which, considering the time of year and the very hot weather, was judged by 
Doctor Whitaker as remarkably good. Of particular interest, in connection with 
the result, was the fact that the highest score was made by a sample of market milk, 
and that another sample of market milk was equal to the highest score reached by 
the certified milks. 



PART FOUR 

Detailed Description of Exhibits 




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LAYOUT 5f PAR.TITICM3 rOS. 




PHILADELPHIA MILK EXH1D1T 

POMON bUILDIMO 
flog CHIr=>TnUT 3T. PHILA.PA 



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riH.3T fLOOR. PuAM 



Architects, Brockie & IIastin<-.<s 



of Children will die m their ^Ithe 
CIVILIZED WORLD 

i Compiled from the averages forj<nfears 

I __!_ ' T~ neaTH<; ■ OEAT 

[■ COUNTRY 



nFATHS ! DEATHS 
; UNDERIY£ABTO:UNO£RI.^ 
!i0Q BIRTHS .ACTUAL NUMBER 



j Chili 

\ Russia (Europe an) 

I Austria 

RqUMANIA 
%/lUNGARY 

I German Empire 

Jamaica 
■ Ceylon 
I Spain 

UNITED STATES 

§ /JK>0 APPROXIMATE^^ 

Belgium 
- Japan 

Servia 
\ France 

Bulgaria 

Canada 

Great Britain 

& Ireland 

Switzerland 

Holland 

Finland 

Western Australia 

Denmark 

New South Wales 

Victoria 

Sweden 

Queensland 

Tasmania 

South Australia 

Norway 

New Zealand 



326 

263 

222 

218 

212 

197 

181 

179 

170.0 

165 

161 

154 

fS3 

IS3 

148 

144 

140 

139 

138 

138 

133 

127 

124 

99 

98 

96 

94 

93 

93 

86 

76 



! 30.303 
\I.298.24S 
200,553 
I 49.589 
1 f 54. 100 
I 374.153 
i 6,414 
I 23,255 
U06.649 
280,000 

i 83.970 

28,499 

220,013 

! 16.268 

1 15.378 

! 23,757 

I 8.200 

1/4Z660 

11,441 

19. 209 

10. 877 

756 

8.089 

3.745 

! 2,299 

\ 11.91? 

! 1.120 

433 

608 

\ 4.231 

> 2.233 



GRAND TOTAL 32431958 
This Means A Baby Dies 
In The Civilized World 
Every 10 Seconds. 

WATCH THE LIGHT FLASH! 



Which thclMlit flash! 

AT EVERY FLASH 

ABABYDJfS 



One every 10 Seconds; 

360 every Ho? a: 

8640 every Day. 

.3053600 every Yea i\ 

One Half of this Loss 



Plate XV 



Street Show Window on Right of Entrance 



RED ELECTRIC LIGHT FLASHING TO SHOW INFANT DEATH RATE AND CHART GIVING 
INFANT MORTALITY STATISTICS 



PART FOUR 

Detailed Description of Exhibits 



Educational Exhibits 

A fair idea of the various exhibits may be secured by reference to the floor plans 
(see plate on opposite page) together with the various illustrations of each booth 
or section and the detailed explanation which follows. In the floor plans each 
booth or section is numbered, and in this explanation the various sections are 
described in the order in which a visitor would see them; that is, going down one 
aisle and up the next. 

FIRST FLOOR EXHIBITS 

Street Show Window on Right of Entrance — Plate XV 

Exhibit of the American Association for the Study and Prevention of Infant Mortality, 

Baltimore, Maryland 

In this window were displayed two charts, one of which contained a red electric 
light which flashed every time a baby died in the civilized world, or every ten seconds. 
This chart attracted a great deal of attention and was one of the best advertise- 
ments of the Show. The second chart was one giving infant mortality statistics. 

Street Show Window on Left of Entrance 

Exhibit of the Bacteriological and Chemical Laboratories of the Philadelphia Depart- 
ment of Public Health and Charities 

This window contained several pieces of apparatus used in the bacteriological 
and chemical laboratories in testing milk and a poster calling attention to flies as 
carriers of disease: 



FLY TIME 

If it takes one fly three hours to 
contaminate the sterilized milk in 
Jar A, and twelve flies fifteen min- 
utes to contaminate the sterilized 
milk in Jar B, how long will it take 
you to kill all the flies in your home? 

Daily at 3 o'clock the results of the 
contamination will be shown (mov- 
ing pictures) 



53 



54 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 

Upon entering the first floor, one passed two attendants at the entrance, usually 
a fireman and policeman being on duty. Either the fireman or an attendant 
counted all persons who entered, a counting device held in the hand recording the 
total each time it was pressed. No children were admitted unless accompanied 
by adults. Except at those hours of the day when the attendance was slight, the 
visitors were kept moving in one direction only, entering by one door and leaving 
by another. 

At the right of the entrance was located the literature booth, equipped with a 
counter, which was used by the committee on patronesses and aides in distributing 
the programs and educational leaflets: 

PROGRAMS 

1. Daily lectures in lecture hall 

2. Sessions of Dairy Institute 

3. Sessions of Conference of Health Officers 

LEAFLETS 

1. Good and bad dairy farms 

2. The transportation and sale of milk 

3. The care of milk in the home 

4. The food value of milk 

5. Diseases caused by impure milk 

6. Suggestions for bottle-fed babies 

7. MikV'Don'ts" 

8. Refreshing milk drinks 

9. A milk primer 

10. List of United States government publications about milk 

(See reprints of programs and leaflets in appendices in back of this report) 

Section I — Plates XVI and XVII 

(Refer to floor plan, opposite p. 52) 

Exhibit of the Bacteriological and Chemical Laboratories of the Philadelphia Depart- 
ment of Public Health and Charities 

This exhibit consisted of two main divisions: 

1. A counter exhibit showing the physical, chemical, and bacteriological tests 
used by the Bureau of Health in its inspection of the milk supply. 

2. A wall exhibit consisting of: 

1. Colored diagrams showing microscopically the various bacteria found in milk: 
tubercle, typhoid and diphtheria bacilli, streptococci, pus cells, and dirty milk. 

2. Charts showing the rise in the death-rate from intestinal diseases in summer and 
the proportion of deaths of breast-fed and bottle-fed infants. 

3. Charts showing typhoid epidemics in two city blocks due to infected milk shops. 

4. Posters showing the relation between infected milk and epidemics of typhoid, 
scarlet fever, and diphtheria. 

The usefulness and effectiveness of this exhibit were in great measure due to 
the efficiency of the attendants, who were able to present very simply the technical 
processes of milk examination and to make clear the lessons of the charts and 
posters. 

The laboratory apparatus used in the testing of milk was arranged on the 
counter, and in explaining the exhibit attention was directed: 



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS 55 

First — to the physical tests made by the milk inspectors at the railroad re- 
ceiving platforms to determine the specific gravity and the presence of formaldehyde. 

Second — to the tests made at the laboratories in the City Hall, of the samples 
of milk sent in by the inspectors : 

1. Microscopic test for dirt 

2. Tests for pus cells and streptococci 

3. Bacteriological count 

Third — to microscopic slides showing: 

1. Effect of insects walking on culture media, — the house fly, roach and ant 

2. Bacteria on cow hair and the effect when dropped into milk 

3. Effect of hands in milking, — clean, dirty 

4. Effect of clean and dirty utensils and barns 

Fourth — to the charts and posters. 

Two very effective charts showed outlines of city wards in which epidemics of 
typhoid fever had occurred. The typhoid fever cases were indicated by dots in 
black. The milk shop to which the milk supply of these cases was traced was repre- 
sented by a red dot. The lettering on the charts was as follows : 

1. A milk-borne typhoid epidemic in the Twenty-first Ward, Philadelphia. Infec- 
tion was found to be from two unreported cases at the milk shop shown, which was closed, 
premises cleaned, and disinfected. The cases from this ward then became normal. 

2. A milk-borne typhoid epidemic in the Twenty-sixth Ward, Philadelphia. Infec- 
tion was found to be from two unreported cases in the milkman's family and further traced 
to five unreported cases in the family of a shipper. Stopping this reduced the cases for this 
ward to normal. 

The posters showed in pictorial form a typhoid epidemic traced to the use of 
contaminated spring -water in washing milk cans; a scarlet fever epidemic traced to 
the milk supply from a farmer whose child had the disease; and a diphtheria epi- 
demic traced to the boy who washed the milk cans. 

There was also shown a collection of test tubes containing various culture media 
used for the culture of bacteria. 

Section 2 — Plate VIII 
Refreshment Counter 

Certified milk was sold here in original packages in one-half pint bottles for 
five cents; no milk, however, being sold on Sunday. This section was equipped 
with a semicircular counter, and a large ten-foot refrigerator loaned by the McCray 
Refrigerator Company for keeping the supply. Sanitary paper drinking cups were 
used exclusively. Much of the milk sold here was donated to the Milk Show by Mr. 
P. P. Gheen, Overlook Farms, Willow Grove, Pennsylvania; Mr. E. T. Gill, Haddon 
Farms, Haddonfield, New Jersey; Mr. Clarence Kates, Glenloch, Pennsylvania; 
Mr. George Wood, Wawa Dairy Farms, Wawa, Pennsylvania; and Mr. H. H. 
Jeffries, Landenberg, Pennsylvania. Abbott's Alderney Dairies contributed the 
services of the waitresses who dispensed this nourishing refreshment. So popular 
was the sale of this milk that at times the demand exceeded the supply. 



56 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 

Section 3— Plate XVIII 

Exhibit of the Milk Commission of the Philadelphia Pediatric Society 

1. Photographs of the interior and exterior of model dairy farms producing 
certified milk. 

2. Chart showing the bacterial content per cubic centimeter of milk and cream 
examined for the Philadelphia Pediatric Society's Milk Commission for the year 1910. 

3. Chart showing a glass of milk and its food value compared to ordinary por- 
tions of other food. 

4. Charts comparing the number of cases of tuberculosis caused by the human 
type of tubercle bacillus with those caused by drinking milk from tubercular cows. 

Section 4 — Plate XIX 

Exhibit Showing Collection, Transportation, and Sale Conditions of Milk In and 

Around Philadelphia 

This exhibit consisted of photographs showing the following existing conditions : 

Good, clean looking herd of cattle (two photographs) 

Clean stable with yard in fair condition 

Milking time 

Good stable interior (two photographs) 

Fair stable interior (three photographs) 

Bad stable interior (six photographs) 

Dirty cow shed exterior (two photographs) 

Healthy cows in filthy surroundings 

Tumbledown barn (two photographs) 

Open sewage from barn 

Open sewage from dirty cow sheds 

Dirty storage room for bottling milk 

Cooling milk 

Milk cans on shipping platform 

Milk train 

Old refrigerator car 

New refrigerator car 

Trolley milk car exterior 

Trolley milk car interior 

Milk receiving station 

Milk wagons at receiving station 

Testing milk 

Milk wagons (two photographs) 

Cooling and pasteurizing plant (three photographs) 

Model cooling and pasteurizing plant (two photographs) 

Delivery in bottles 

Dirty bottles 

Dirty milk store (three photographs) 

Fair milk store 

Clean milk store 

Ice cream vendor 

Filthy ice cream plant (two photographs) 

Section 5 — Plate XX 

Exhibit of Certified Milk 

This section was devoted to an exhibit of certified milk in sealed bottles from 
the Willow Grove Dairy. The bottles were arranged in pyramids, being placed in 
long tin boxes and surrounded with ice. Potted plants added to the general attract- 
iveness of this booth. 




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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS 57 

Sections 6, 7, 8 and 9— Plates XXI, XXII, XXIII and XXIV 

Exhibit of the Pennsylvania State Live Stock Sanitary Board 
Each of these sections contained a model of various types of dairy barns, fol- 
lowing the classification adopted by the Pennsylvania State Live Stock Sanitary 
Board, namely— (1) excellent, (2) good, (3) fair, and (4) bad. Mr. Charles H. 
Hillman of this city contributed his services in designing these models which accur- 
ately reproduced existing conditions. All the models showed the barns as in actual 
use with the cattle in their places, barn yards filled with straw, manure scattered 
about, etc., in accordance with the type represented. 

1. The excellent type of barn was completely equipped with a ventilation sys- 
tem; clean cement floor and tight walls and ceilings; improved metal stanchions; 
an abundance of windows; no other live stock beside cows; individual feeding 
troughs and watering basins; good clean bedding; no manure piles accessible to 
cattle; and cows well groomed and in good condition. 

2. The good stable represented an old-fashioned combination barn. Windows 
and ventilation were provided; floors, walls and ceiling were well constructed, clean 
and dust-proof; stanchions were provided; tight partitions separated cows and other 
live stock; cattle were groomed and bedded; and the barn yard was clean and dry. 

3. The fair stable was similar to the good stable, but was provided with old- 
fashioned mangers instead of stanchions; no tight partitions separated cows from 
other live stock; floors, manure gutters and walls were of good construction, but no 
adequate arrangements, however, were made for light and ventilation; barn yard 
was clean; and cattle were in fair condition. 

4. The last, or bad, type of stable represented that all too common type of barn 
where no intelligent provisions were made for windows, floors or ventilation; cows, 
horses, pigs and other live stock and poultry, all occupied the same barn and yard; 
no attention was given to cleanliness; the barn yard was filthy; and the cows were 
covered with caked dirt and manure. 

The lesson to be learned from these models was strikingly shown. No one 
could fail to see that even the bad type of stable, if slightly altered and improved, 
mainly through methods rather than equipment, could be classed as fair, and with 
the addition of better equipment and facilities would be included in the good class. 

Section 10 

Exhibit of the Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Tuberculosis 

This section was reserved primarily for the purpose of selling the special milk 

number of "The Fresh Air Magazine" for May, 1911. The booth was adorned with 

photographs showing the need of fresh air and good milk, and an attendant was 

stationed here for the purpose of selling the magazine for five cents a copy. 

Section 11 — Plate XXV 
Exhibit of the Bureau of Municipal Research of Philadelphia 
In this exhibit were : 

1. A large chart showing the various steps in the production, transportation, 
and sale of milk as represented by the links of a chain which was festooned in four 
large loops representing (1) the producer, (2) the carrier, (3) the dealer, and (4) the 
consumer. Each link in the chain denoted a step in the process of getting the milk 



58 



REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 



supply, the individual links (or possible sources of contamination) being marked as 
follows : 

1. Producer: 

Cow, veterinarian, stable, yard, milker, pail, milk house, can, farm wagon, dairy 
inspector 

2. Carrier: 

Shipping platform, milk car, railroad employe, receiving platform, milk inspector 

3. Dealer: 

Pasteurizing plant, bottling plant, bottle, delivery wagon, driver 

4. Consumer: 

Kitchen, kitchen utensils, refrigerator, nursery, nursing bottle. 

How Strong Is This Chain? Where Are The Weakest Links? 
2. Chart reading : 



YES, QUALITY IS IMPORTANT, BUT DO YOU 
GET FULL MEASURE? 



Picture 

of a full 

measure 

milk bottle 



Picture 
of a short 

measure 
milk bottle 



THE MILK IN THE BOTTLE SHOULD REACH 
TO THE CAP RING OR STOPPLE 



3. Chart summarizing present city milk inspection service : 



MILK INSPECTION 

Quarts inspected 2,700,000 

1.85 per cent City Supply!! 

New system — More men needed 



First Step 

New field inspection 

report showing odor, 

appearance, etc. 




Enlarged 
blue print 



Present form 



Proposed form 



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS 59 

4. Chart showing infant mortality : 



(Diagram here) 

THE SUMMER WAVE OF BABIES' DEATHS IS PREVENTABLE 

DOTTED LINE DEATHS FROM DIARRHEA 

CHIEF CAUSE— DIRTY MILK 

CLEAN ALIVE 

KEEP MILK KEEP BABIES 

COLD WELL 



5. Map showing sources of Philadelphia milk supply giving car load shipments 
on all railroads. 

Section 12— Plate XXVI 

Exhibit of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company 

This attractive exhibit, which was in charge of an attendant who explained 
points and answered questions, consisted of : 

1. Wooden model of a cattle car 

2. Photographs showing: 

a. Icing of express cars used in the milk service 

b. Scrubbing cars after unloading at milk receiving stations previous to reloading 

with empty cans for return trip 

c. Interior of refrigerator car showing ice boxes, insulated bulkheads, and doors 

d. Refrigerator car modified for solid car load milk shipments 

e. Milk receiving platform — arrival and unloading of solid milk train 

3. Sectional drawings showing the construction of refrigerator cars 

4. During two days of the Show, several types of cars used in the transportation of milk 

were open for inspection on a siding in one of the freight yards in West Phila- 
delphia. 

Section 13— Plate XXVII 

Exhibit of the New York City Department of Health; the New York Milk Committee; 
and the Massachusetts Milk Consumers' Association 

1. The exhibit of the New York City health department consisted of large 
framed photographs illustrating the different aspects of the milk supply of New 
York City. These photographs were very good, the subject matter having been 
carefully chosen and the workmanship excellent. Among the captions under the 
various views were the following: 

1. Type of stable being eliminated 

%. Bacterial content being reduced. (A picture of a good stable) 

3. One step toward clean milk. (A view in a sanitary bottling plant) 



60 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 

4. Cows should be kept in spacious, clean and light stables 

5 and 6. Condition found at first inspection, and, on the same line, another photograph 
showing the condition found at re-inspection 

7. Frequent inspection will abolish such conditions. (View showing the interior of a 

milk store where the sales room had direct connection with a bed room) 

8. One effort to improve care of milk in stores. (A picture of the milk booth which is 

installed in many New York stores) 

9. Result of store inspection. (This view shows the interior of a small store selling milk 

and eggs. A clean counter is visible in the foreground and a good ice box is also 
shown) 

10. Frequent white-washing recommended by this department. (This picture shows a 

sprayer on wheels, drawn by one horse, which is used for white- washing cow stables) 

11. Built according to rules of department of health. (Interior of a sanitary cow stable) 

12. Clean stables and methods insure clean milk. (Interior view showing a stable with a 

row of cows and milkers at milking time with a printed caption beneath, " Producing 
milk of the highest grade") 

13. Only healthy cows can produce wholesome milk. (This photograph shows a row of 

cows in a stable and a veterinarian at work examining the herd) 

14. Manure which could be utilized to advantage. (This view shows a large pile of 

valuable manure which is close to the side of the stable) 

15. Common source of milk contamination. (This view shows a cow yard with a stable 

in the background and piles of manure near the stable, in which cows are walking) 

16. Type of stable being eliminated. (A bad interior) 

17. Inspections of this kind are made every night. (This view, taken by flash light, shows 

the milk inspectors at work inspecting milk at one of the railroad stations at mid- 
night) 

18. 5,500 wagons deliver two million quarts daily. (This view shows the inspectors 

inspecting milk on the wagons in the early morning) 

19. Frequent inspection would correct this. (An interior view of an unsanitary creamery) 

20. All milk entering New York should be inspected. (A view showing a railroad receiv- 

ing platform with its long lines of milk cans) 

21. Millions of bacteria in such milk. (An interior view in a milk store with insanitary 

surroundings) 

22. Impossible to safeguard milk under such conditions. (Interior of a milk store showing 

milk can at open doorway of a basement grocery. A caption reads, "No ice used") 

2. The New York Milk Committee exhibited: 

1. Set of twelve large framed photographs representing the work of infants' 

milk stations 

2. Set of twelve large framed photographs representing various conditions of 

sanitary and insanitary milk production in New York City 

3. Wooden models of filled milk bottles, graded in size, to show the relative 

amounts of the various kinds of milk consumed in New York City 
annually. The models ranged in size from the large bottle at the 
head of the line, standing about five feet high, and representing the 
relative amount of raw milk consumed; to a small model at the foot 
of the line, measuring about eight inches in height, and representing 
the relative amount of certified milk consumed. The kinds of milk 
represented by models were: 

1. Certified milk 

2. Guaranteed milk 

3. Selected milk 

4. Pasteurized milk 

5. Inspected milk 

6. Raw milk 

3. Occupying a small corner of this booth was a chart containing copies of 
leaflets issued by the Massachusetts Milk Consumers' Association of Boston — an 
association formed to unite consumers in obtaining efficient inspection and a pure 
milk supply. 



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS 61 

Section 14— Plate XXVIII 

Exhibit of Proper and Improper Methods of Caring for Milk in the Home 

This exhibit was of great practical value because the ease with which milk 
might become contaminated and the consequent dangers were strikingly shown by- 
having on display a collection of insanitary utensils actually found in use in dirty 
homes and milk shops. In contrast with these unsafe utensils, others were displayed 
to teach the proper way of caring for milk, — refrigerators, sterilizers, cleansers, 
door-step bottle holders, etc. Trained nurses gave valuable service as attend- 
ants in this section, explaining the principles and construction of the utensils shown 
and also pointing out the unseen dangers. Among the articles shown were various 
makes and sizes of glass nursing bottles which were to be avoided as being unsafe, 
while types to be recommended were shown alongside. Nipples not easily cleaned, 
and therefore to be avoided, were shown with others that were to be recommended 
because they could be easily and thoroughly cleaned. 

Many kinds of refrigerators were shown, for example : 

A home-made ice box, devised by the Phipps Institute, costing about ten cents, requir- 
ing two cents' worth of ice daily 

Another home-made ice box, costing about forty-five cents, constructed from a wooden 
box, sawdust, a tin pail, and newspapers. In this box two cents' worth of ice will last 
twenty-four hours 

A Hess refrigerator devised by Doctor Hess of New York, loaned by him 

Portable hygienic refrigerators, different sizes, requiring two cents' worth of ice, price ac- 
cording to size 

McCray refrigerator, loaned by the company 

Star refrigerator, loaned by the company 

Other utensils displayed included: 

A home-made tireless cooker, devised by the Phipps Institute, costing about ten cents 

Electric tireless cooker 

Cereal tireless cooker 

Freman pasteurizer 

Arnold steam sterilizer and pasteurizer 

Bottle cleaners 

Receptacle for milk bottles, loaned by the Government 

On the walls of this section were several instructive charts : 

1. Chart showing the stomach at different periods of infancy — life size — to illustrate the 

reason for variation in the amount of feeding at different ages: 
Birth 1 oz. 

2 weeks 2 oz. 

3 months 43^ oz. 

6 months 6 oz. 

12 months 9 oz. 

18 months 12 oz. (Holt) 

2. Maxims for mothers of bottle-fed babies: 

1. Sterilize bottles and nipples by boiling every day. Have all utensils clean. 

2. Have a bottle for every feeding. Avoid all unnecessary handling of the milk. 

3. Bottles and nipples should be of the most simple design to be easily cleaned. 

4. Never vary an iota from directions in the preparation of food. Much harm 

may be done from ignorant deviation. 

5. Do not use the bottle as a standard in measuring ounces. Bottles vary in size. 

6. When the bottles for the day are filled, stopper them with sterile non-absorbent 

cotton or with rubber corks which may be readily boiled. 

7. Keep the bottles on ice until they are ready for use. 

8. Heat the bottle to blood heat or slightly above just before feeding. 



62 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 

9. Do not taste the milk in the bottle before giving it to the baby. 

10. If the nipple falls on the floor or comes in contact with soiled objects, do not 

use it. 

11. In travelling do not heat the bottle before starting. Carry it cold. 

12. Do not trust the baby to feed himself. Feed him or watch him while he feeds. 

13. Cleanse the bottle and nipple immediately after feeding. Never leave a par- 

tially emptied bottle in the crib or on the window sill. 

14. Never use any food that the baby has discarded. 

15. Do not ask your milkman to leave milk early in the morning. Rather en- 

courage him to make a later delivery. 

16. View any milk mixture as a splendid feeding ground for germ life. Let your 

whole system of feeding be directed toward the avoidance of infection. 

3. Average composition: 

Human Milk (Richmond) Cow's Milk (Richmond) 

Water 88.2 87.1 

Ash 2 .75 

Proteids 1.5 3.4 

Fat 3.3 3.9 

Sugar 6.8 4.75 

Fat should not be confounded with cream, as it represents but one of its constituents. 

4. The calorimetric method of infant feeding: 

This method strives to adjust the infant's diet so that he may receive from it the 

proper amount of energy 
A calorie of energy unit is the amount of heat required to raise 1 kilogram of water 

-1° C. in temperature 
A young baby requires 100 calories for every kilogram (2^ lbs.) of its weight 

1 gram of fat yields 9.3 calories 

1 gram of sugar yields 4.1 

1 gram of proteid yields 4.1 

1 ounce of milk yields 21. 

1 ounce of cream yields 54. 

This method furnishes a good check on other methods. 

5. Tables of food values, prepared by the Department of Agriculture 

6. Chart of the growth of bacteria, in properly and improperly cooled milk. Chapin 

7. Cartoon of a cat stealing milk from bottle on door step with explanation of the dangers 

from such careless handling of milk bottles upon delivery. 

Section 15— Plate XXIX 

Exhibit of Demonstration of the Uses of Milk as a Food 

This section was also one of great practical value to the majority of visitors, 
since there were held frequent demonstrations of the modification of milk for infant 
feeding and demonstrations of the uses of milk in cooking. 

A skilled demonstrator in cooking, with the necessary helpers, interested the 
crowds in the ways of preparing appetizing and nutritious dishes from milk. 

An article in the North American is thoroughly descriptive of the other phases 
of this exhibit: 

TELLS OF BABY FOODS FOR THE HOT WEATHER 

Trained Nurse Gives Demonstration and Formulas at Milk Show 
MEN MUCH INTERESTED 

The vital question, "What shall I feed the baby in the hot weather?" is being 
answered daily at the Philadelphia Milk Show by a woman who has had experience in 
feeding hundreds of babies and who stands ready at all times to give uncertain mothers the 
benefit of this experience. 

Miss L. Cates, a trained nurse in charge of the children's department of the Wo- 
man's Hospital, presides over the model kitchen at the Show, which has been fitted up by 
a committee of women physicians of the city, and here, among a collection of snow-white 



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS 63 

cooking utensils, dressed in her snow-white uniform, she not only gives information as to 
the most scientific infant feeding, but she deftly prepares the food she recommends and 
gives the formulas to those who request them. 

Strange to say, she is besieged by men who take surprising interest in the preparation 
of bottles for babies, and who ply her with questions relative to the value of rice water and 
whey, and who want to know if buttermilk is good in intestinal trouble of infants. 

Foods for the Little Ones 

To all inquiries Miss Gates makes the same reply — the one that every trained nurse 
makes — that the doctor must be consulted and his word on the baby's diet taken as final. 
Then she shows how to prepare the food — in case he recommends it — in the manner in 
which she has prepared it for the hundreds of little ones who have thrived under her care 
at the hospital. 

Yesterday she demonstrated half a dozen food preparations designed to relieve the 
little ones suffering from digestive troubles, for whom undiluted cow's milk is too heavy 
in hot weather. Buttermilk, peptonized milk, rice water, barley water and whey were 
among the foods that were prepared at the morning and afternoon demonstrations. 

"Rice water and buttermilk," Miss Gates said, "are frequently recommended for 
babies suffering with intestinal troubles, and the two are used in connection with each 
other as hot-weather food. There are several kinds of buttermilk, but the easiest to 
obtain in the city is that made from sweet milk by the addition of buttermilk tablets. 
To a quart of fresh milk, which is placed in a clean pitcher, jar or bottle, after boiling, add 
one-third to one-half a quart of hot water, according to the richness of the milk, a pinch of 
salt and one pulverized tablet. Let this stand at a temperature of 70 degrees for twenty- 
four hours before using. 

Process used in Hospitals 

In making barley-and-rice water, Miss Cates recommended the use of the cereal 
grains, which are cheaper than the flour. For rice water she soaked 1Y% teaspoonfuls of rice 
three hours in a quart of water, then boiled it slowly for an hour, adding a tablespoon of 
sugar to a quart of the fluid and a pinch of salt. For whey she heated a pint of milk to a 
degree known as lukewarm, and after placing a junket tablet in cold water, added it to 
the milk, allowing it to stand until firm. She then beat the mixture with a fork, strained 
it through a piece of cheesecloth and threw away the curds. 

"Peptonized milk," she said, "is invaluable for children who are not able to digest 
plain cow's milk, and the best way to make it according to the warm process used in hos- 
pitals, is to add one tube of peptonizing powder, dissolved in warm water, to a pint of milk, 
letting the mixture stand in warm water at a temperature of 110 degrees for ten, fifteen 
or twenty minutes, as ordered. 

Among the articles and materials used in this exhibit were : 

Agate and white enamel double boilers 

Agate and white enamel spoons, different sizes 

Agate and white enamel bowls 

Agate and white enamel pitchers 

Agate and white enamel dish pans 

Agate and white enamel tea kettles 

Glass jars, different sizes 

Wire strainers, different sizes 

Glass churns, different sizes 

Agate and white enamel quart measure 

Agate and white enamel funnels 

Glass measuring cup 

Sanitary paper towels 

16 ounce glass graduates 

"Materna" glass graduate 

Chapin dippers 

Glass funnels 

Absorbent and non-absorbent cotton 

Borax 

Boric acid 

Lactone tablets 

Kefilac tablets 

Junket tablets 

"Bulgarian" tablets 

Essence of pepsin 

Liquid rennet 



64 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 

Many electric cooking utensils were loaned for display by the Philadelphia 
Electric Company. 

Gimbel Brothers, Dennison Manufacturing Company, George B. Evans, 
Charles Lentz, and Llewellyn's Drug Company kindly allowed certain articles, 
which had been purchased, to be returned to them after the Show (if in good condi- 
tion) and credit given accordingly. 



Section 16— Plate XXX 

Exhibit Showing the Modern Method of Making Ice Cream; and the Residts of Bac- 
teriological Examination of Ice Cream by the Pennsylvania State 
Live Stock Sanitary Board 

Many photographs in this section portrayed dirty methods, undesirable stores, 
itinerant venders, etc. Plate cultures were shown of bacteria found in poor ice 
cream and the results of chemical analyses of the same. Finally, a modern rotary 
freezer with a capacity of one hundred and eighty quarts per hour was exhibited, 
capable of being thoroughly cleaned and sterilized. This machine was shown in 
operation. 

Among the charts shown in this section were: 



WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT THE ICE CREAM SOLD BY 
STREET VENDERS? 

THIS IS WHAT WE CAN TELL YOU 

ICE CREAM SHOULD LEGALLY CONTAIN 
6% butter fat when flavored with fruits 
8% butter fat when other flavors are used 

CHEMICAL EXAMINATION OF 125 SAMPLES OF ICE CREAM 
SOLD BY STREET VENDERS GAVE THE FOLLOWING RESULTS : 

80 samples contained less than 1% butter fat 
30 samples contained between 1% and 2% butter fat 
only 5 samples of the total number contained the 
legal amount of fat 



SOME FACTS REGARDING FLAVORS 

10 SAMPLES OF THE SO-CALLED FRUIT FLAVORS 
CONTAINED SUBSTANCES CALLED "COMPOUND 
ETHERS " AS SUBSTITUTES FOR FRUIT FLAVORS 



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS 



65 



HOW THE ICE CREAMS ARE COLORED 

Every so-called fruit flavor was artificially 
colored, usually with coal tar color 



SUBSTANCES USED IN MAKING ICE CREAM 

Condensed skim milk and water 
Powdered skim milk and water 
Thickening gum tragacanth, glue and starch 



BACTERIOLOGICAL COUNTS OF ICE CREAM SAMPLES 


Number of bacteria per 
cubic centimeter 


i 


17,600,000 


2 

3 

4 


1,030,000 

38,600,000 

8,160,000 


5 
6 

7 


40,300,000 

14,400,000 

8,200,000 


8 
9 

10 


5,000,000 
7,650,000 
1,820,000 


ii 


22,200,000 


12 

13 


9,740,000 
10,200,000 


14 


16,212,000 



Section 17— Plate XXXI 

Exhibit Showing the Scientific Pasteurization of Milk 

Here visitors could see a complete system of pasteurization in operation as fol- 
lowed in one of the most up-to-date and scientific pasteurizing plants. For this 
purpose there was installed in this section at considerable expense a complete plant 
consisting of the most modern and sanitary pasteurizing apparatus, a mechanical 
bottle filler, a capping machine, a bottle washer, and a centrifugal cream separator. 
Attendants were on duty to explain the processes and apparatus. 

In demonstrating the operation of pasteurization, water was used in place of 

milk. It was first passed through filter cloth into the receiving vat, thence it passed 

by gravity to the pasteurizer, which heated it to 140°-145° F., and at the same time 

threw it by centrifugal force up to the "holder" on an elevated platform where the 

5 



66 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 

heated water was held for thirty minutes. It then dropped by gravity to the cooler, 
where the temperature was reduced to 40° F. From the cooler it dropped by gravity 
to the bottle-filler, a mechanical device worked by a hand lever. The box of filled 
bottles was then pushed along a platform to the capping machine, a distance of two 
feet, where they were finally capped. For the purpose of demonstration, the cover 
of the cooler was made with a glass window to permit the spectators to see the fluid 
in its passage over the cooling pij «. 

The special points about the process were : 

1. The absence of a pump, the fluid running by gravity after leaving the holder 

2. The short length of piping 

3. The fact that the cooler was covered, preventing air contamination 

4. The fact that there was exposure to the air only for the few seconds consumed in passing 

the bottles from the filler to the capper. 

The bottle washer exhibited, consisted of a soaking tank, a revolving brush for 
badly caked bottles, and a device for throwing a jet of hot water and another for 
steam or boiling water. 

The cream separator was of the type giving eight thousand revolutions per 
minute. 

Sections 18, 19, and 20— Plates XXXII, XXXIII, and XXXIV 

Exhibit on Child Hygiene by the Philadelphia Department of Public Health and 

Charities 

These three sections contained the main features of the various exhibits which 
have been held with such beneficial results at different times by the Bureau of 
Health in the congested districts of this city. 

Photographs were shown illustrating : 

1. Visiting nurses' work and general housing conditions 

2. Exterior of exhibits held in slums 

3. Open air hospitals, educational centers, play apparatus, playgrounds, and a practical 

demonstration of care of babies and children on two large recreation piers 

4. Philadelphia parks 

5. Wards, Philadelphia General Hospital 

6. Redbank Sanitarium 

7. Medical clinics and milk stations 

8. Modified milk stations 

9. Care of baby 

10. Dirty milk and dirty milk bottles 

11. Preparation of baby's food 

12. Necessity of vaccination 

13. Instructions to school children 

14. Cheap home-made ice box 

Illustrated wall placards, paintings and models explaining certain truths to 
mothers, such as: 

1. Placard giving instructions for mothers 

2. Placards giving instructions on care of the baby 

3. Display circular - — Care of the Baby 

4. Display of proper and improper nipples 

5. Painting; — Keep Baby's Mouth Clean 

6. Painting showing foods that are dangerous 

7. Card of "Don'ts" for baby feeding 

8. Colored picture — showing danger of baby on unclean floor 

9. Colored illustration — Bathe the Baby 

10. Dressed dolls, showing proper and improper method of dressing baby 



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS 

11. Model bed on chart with instructions concerning the same 

12. Display circular dealing with the dangers of the house fly 

13. Sample of home-made fly killer on frame 

14. Report blank used by nurses 

15. Details of work, Redbank Sanitarium Association 

16. M ^ e ^ n a g ss h . c a ase showin S births and deaths among infants under one year of age 

Maps and charts : 

1. Deaths of children under one year from one to two years, and from two to five vears 
and percentage of deaths under five years to total mortality for thirty years 

2 - Bl t:^it s J:sz,to^ and enteritis under tw ° years ° f «* * «"*» to 

B 1^^^popu;Sn^ ea ^ entCTitiS ^^ tW ° ^ ° f «* in relation t0 ^ 

Total deaths under five years of age in relation to maximum, minimum, and mean 

temperature, and humidity for the year 1909 
Total deaths under one year in relation to maximum, minimum, and mean temper- 
ature, and humidity by weeks for the year 1909 

Total deaths under two years in relation to maximum and mean temperature, and 
humidity by weeks for the year 1909 

Deaths under one year from all causes in relation to feeding; maximum, minimum 
and mean temperature; and humidity during the summer 1910 

Deaths under one year and between one and two years in relation to feeding- maxi- 
mum, minimum, and mean temperature; and humidity by weeks during the 
summer of 1910 B 

Total deaths per 1000 of population compared with deaths under one year deaths 
under two years, and deaths under five years, by years since 1880 

Total deaths per 1000 of population compared with deaths under one year deaths 
under two years, and deaths under five years, by months during the year 1909 

Births and deaths per 1000 population for thirty years 

Weights with different kinds of feeding, Philadelphia General Hospital 

Bacteriological examinations of milk 

Publicity that counts, giving head lines of newspaper articles 

Number of births during the year and number of those living at the end of the year 

Instructions in nursing 

Instructions in nursing 

Elucidating deaths of 1909 

Bottles with labels of the more common soothing syrups, cartoons, etc., and printed 
matter; entitled, "Dangerous Drugs" 

Weight of baby 

Number of babies who died during the year 

Death rate at each age period 

Showing location of playgrounds and milk stations in Philadelphia 

Showing ward lines in relation thereto 

Showing deaths by wards from diarrhea and enteritis in children under two years 
of age and all deaths from all causes in children under five years of age per 1000 
population 

Some of the illustrated charts on the care of babies were worded as follows: 



67 



10. 

li. 

12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 

20. 
21. 

22. 
23. 
24. 
25. 



KEEP NIPPLES CLEAN 

Dirty nipples make pure milk unfit for use 

Do not use Use this kind 

this kind A plain rubber 

nipple, easy 
to clean 

(Samples) (Samples) 



68 



REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 



(Colored picture of 
baby on floor) 



IT IS DANGEROUS 

TO ALLOW BABY TO CRAWL ON 

THE FLOOR AND THEN CARRY 

THE DIRT AND GERMS FROM HIS 

FINGERS TO HIS MOUTH 

DON'T SPIT ON THE FLOOR 



(Photograph of mother 
nursing baby) 

THIS BABY GETS A SQUARE MEAL 
DOES YOURS ? 



SPEAKING OF FLIES! ! ! 

(Picture of baby and 
flies swarming about) 

PROTECT YOURSELF AND YOUR 
FAMILY AGAINST FLIES 



(Bureau of Health leaflet 
on flies) 

(Picture of a baby in 
basket screened) 



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS 



69 



MILK IS THE ONLY SAFE FOOD FOR INFANTS 



THESE ARE DANGEROUS 

(Colored pictures of) 



Corn on cob 
Banana 
Soda water 



Cucumber 
Pretzel 
Root beer 

Tea or coffee 



Ice cream cone 

Apple 

Watermelon 



KEEP BABY'S MOUTH 
CLEAN 

WASH SEVERAL TIMES 
A DAY 

(Picture of baby with 
open mouth and hand 
pointing to mouth) 



DANGER 

These contain opium or equally 
dangerous drugs 

Give no medicine unless ordered by the doctor 



U. S. Dept. of 

Agriculture 

Farmer's 

Bulletin 

No. 393. 



(Wrappers of various 
dangerous patent 
medicines commonly 
given to infants) 



These are the most prominent "Killers" in 
Philadelphia, but there are many others not on 
this list equally dangerous. 



70 



REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 



BATHE YOUR CHILD EVERY DAY 
On hot days sponge off several times 

(Colored picture of baby in basin) 



(Woman tossing baby) 

Baby needs sleep. Not in a 
soft feather bed 



Don't shake baby up and down 
to amuse it 



Clean house 
Clean bottles 



(Picture of baby 
ready for bath) 



(Picture of baby 
in bath) 



(Picture of 
baby asleep) 

Clean food, nipples, 
and baby 



Give cool boiled water to 
drink several times a day 

On hot days 
dress cool and comfortable 

Learn how to take care 
of the baby 

Baby needs a bath every day 
and sponging several times 
on hot days 



(Picture of baby 
lightly dressed) 



Photographs of beds for the baby 

improvised from a clothes basket 

and a large splint basket 



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS 



71 



BABY NEEDS 16 TO 20 HOURS SLEEP EVERY DAY 

A quiet room 

His own bed 

A cool place 

No flies 

No soft feather mattress 

No cooking in room 



(Illustrated with photographs) 



(Photograph of a cheap 
ice box) 



MILK NOT PROPERLY ICED IS UNSAFE TO USE 

MAKE AN ICE BOX FOR YOUR HOME 
A wooden box 



Bucket 

Saw-dust or excelsior 

Newspapers 



Entire cost 
45 cents 



SPEAKING OF FLIES 

(Flies swarming) 

KILL EVERY FLY 



(A weapon for killing flies constructed 
from a piece of wire screening 
tacked to a wooden handle) 



MAKE ONE OF THESE FOR EVERY 
ROOM IN THE HOUSE 



72 



REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 



BABY LOGIC 

Warm weather causes poor, warm, or dirty 

milk to spoil 
Spoiled milk and babies do not agree 

The wrong food, or food wrongly prepared, 
causes sick babies 

Dirt, flies, and foul air cause sickness 

More babies die during the summer than 
the winter 

Get pure, clean, cold milk and keep it so 

Learn how to feed the baby 
Get plenty of fresh air 
Avoid dirt and flies 



BOTTLE FEEDING IS DANGEROUS IF NOT 
DONE EXACTLY RIGHT 

Don't use any but clean, fresh milk 

Don't buy milk from any dealer who does not keep his 

milk, store, bottles, and cans clean 
Don't buy milk that is exposed to flies and dust 
Don't buy milk in open cans and pitchers — use milk 

bottles 
Don't let milk remain for hours on door step — place 

immediately on ice 
Don't use left-over milk — use a fresh bottle for each 

feeding 



Circular (English and Yiddish) 

Care of the baby in hot weather 

Take one home and read it 

When baby is sick telephone City Hall, Room 580 
or tell any policeman 






DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS 



73 



CLEAN NURSING BOTTLES 

It is dangerous for the baby's milk to touch anything 
that is not perfectly clean 

As soon as the baby's bottle is empty do these three 
things : 

i. Wash it out first with cold water 

2. Then wash it out with hot water and borax or 

soda (a teaspoonful of borax or soda to a pint 
of water) 

3. Place the bottle upside down on a clean shelf 

Wash out bottles with boiling water just before filling 

with milk 



IS YOUR BABY OF NORMAL WEIGHT? 

Does he show a natural, healthy increase from 
week to week? 

WEIGHT OF A NORMAL BABY 



Age 

At birth 

1 mo. 

2 mo. 

3 mo. 

4 mo. 

5 mo. 

6 mo. 

7 mo. 

8 mo. 

9 mo. 

10 mo. 

11 mo. 

12 mo. 



Length 
19.5 in. 
20.5 in. 

21. in. 

22. in. 

23. in. 
23.5 in. 

24. in. 
24.5 in. 

25. in. 
25.5 in. 

26. in. 
26.5 in. 

27. in. 



Weight 



7 


lb. 


7* 


lb. 


9k 


lb. 


11 


lb. 


I2| 


lb. 


14 


lb. 


15 


lb. 


16 


lb. 


17 


lb. 


18 


lb. 


19 


lb. 


20 


lb. 


21 


lb. 



HAVE YOUR BABY WEIGHED 
AT LEAST ONCE A MONTH 



74 



REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 



DEATH RATE AT EACH AGE PERIOD 


(U. S. Census 1890-1900) 


Age 


Death Rate 




1890 


1900 


Under 1 year 


205.8 


165.4 


1- 2 years 


84.9 


46.6 


5- 9 years 


7-3 


5.2 


10-15 years 


3-8 


3-3 


25-30 years 


9.9 


8.6 


45-50 years 


16.5 


15.2 


60-65 years 


32.8 


35-i 


70-75 years 


64-5 


75-2 


80-85 years 


144.6 


165.8 


90-95 years 


260. 


339-2 


95 and over 


347-1 


418. 



One electric sign was used displaying terse sentences referring to the milk 
question and infant feeding, and numerous other signs contained such axioms as: 



TOTAL MORTALITY HAS STEADILY DECREASED 
ARE THE BABIES GETTING THEIR SHARE? 



INFANT MORTALITY IS THE MOST SENSITIVE INDEX 
WE POSSESS OF SOCIAL WELFARE 



IT IS THE BUSINESS OF THE MUNICIPALITY 

TO SEE THAT YOU OBTAIN PURE, 

CLEAN, FRESH MILK 

IT IS THE BUSINESS OF THE PEOPLE TO SEE 

THAT THEY KEEP MILK PURE, 

CLEAN, AND FRESH 



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS 75 



IT IS NOT THE BABIES BORN BUT THE BABIES 
SAVED THAT COUNT 



THE BUSINESS OF REARING BABIES MUST BE 

CLASSED AS AN " EXTRA HAZARDOUS 

OCCUPATION » 



90 PER CENT OF THE BABIES DYING OF DIGESTIVE 
TROUBLES ARE BOTTLE-FED. WHY ? 



BABIES DIE FROM THE HEAT OF SUMMER BECAUSE 

THE HEAT SPOILS THE MILK AND MAKES IT 

UNFIT TO GIVE TO THE BABY 

HEAT BREEDS DISEASE GERMS IN THE MILK 

KEEP THE MILK COOL 



NURSE YOUR BABY 

IF IT SEEMS TO YOU THAT YOUR BREAST MILK DOES 

NOT AGREE WITH THE CHILD OR YOU 

HAVE NOT ENOUGH MILK 

CONSULT YOUR DOCTOR 

HE MAY BE ABLE TO CORRECT THE WRONG AND SAVE 

YOUR BABY 



76 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 



4763 BABIES UNDER ONE YEAR OF AGE DIED LAST YEAR 

HALF OF THESE DIED DURING THE SUMMER 

AT LEAST HALF OF THESE COULD HAVE BEEN SAVED 

WILL YOUR BABY BE AMONG THIS YEAR'S LIST? 



In connection with this exhibit the Louisville Babies' Milk Fund Association 
sent a set of photographs and charts illustrating the work of the association; a 
model of a milk bottle bank; a carrier for milk bottles; and lantern slides illustrating 
the work of the association. 

The Department of Health of the city of Chicago sent charts and test samples 
showing the control of the milk supply in Chicago; photographs showing some of the 
conditions met in the handling of milk; copies of ordinances and rules; and charts 
showing local epidemics of typhoid fever due to milk infection. 

The Warelands Dairy Training School located at Norfolk, Massachusetts, 
sent photographs illustrating the various courses given at the school. 



Section 21— Plate XXXV 

Exhibit of Record Forms and Instruments in Use by Various Cities in Milk 

Inspection Work 

The various forms and records used by the following cities in connection with 
the taking of milk samples for laboratory examination, were contributed: 

1. Baltimore, Maryland 

2. Boston, Massachusetts 

3. Buffalo, New York 

4. Chicago, Illinois 

5. Cleveland, Ohio 

6. Los Angeles, California 

7. Montclair, New Jersey 

8. New York, New York 

9. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 
10 San Francisco, California. 

The New Jersey State Board of Health sent samples of their forms and records. 
The Buffalo Board of Health sent two models of milk cans, one of which was a type 
approved by the Board of Health, the other being a type which had been condemned 
by them. A few other sanitary milk buckets and shipping cans were shown. " 

Representatives from the Division of Milk Inspection of the Bureau of Health 
of this city were in attendance ready to explain the methods of milk inspection as 
practised in this city. 



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS 77 

Section 22— Plate XXXVI 

Exhibit of Prizes in Milk Contests 

This section was used for the purpose of displaying the various cups to be 
awarded in the certified milk and cream contest and in the market milk and cream 
contest. The cups were donated by the Philadelphia Pediatric Society. On the 
walls of this section were hung photographs of model dairy farms. 

Section 23— Plate XXXVII 

Exhibit of the Medical Milk Commission of Essex County, New Jersey; and the Babies' 

Hospital of Newark, New Jersey 

In this booth were shown numerous photographs of the plant and methods of 
the Fairfield Dairy Company, Montclair, New Jersey, and of the Babies' Hospital 
of Newark, New Jersey. 

Models about four feet in height were shown representing the milkers employed 
by the Fairfield Dairy Company. They were dressed in white milking suits and 
caps, and carried the most approved type of small-mouthed milk pails and metal 
milking stools. 

Samples of charts and score cards in use in the Babies' Hospital were displayed 
and trained nurses from the hospital were in attendance to give explanations and 
answer questions. Among the charts hung in this section were some reading : 

1. The mother's sorrow in the early death of her puny infant should stimulate vigorous 

and humane agencies which will prevent such tears and deep grief. We should 
provide air, sunlight, water, food, and knowledge which will permit other babies to 
utilize the life to which they have a natural birthright 

2. There is no other material out of which we can fashion citizens than the baby, either 

those now with us or the babies yet unborn. Out of this fact grow two civic duties 
of the greatest importance, namely 

To give them at the outset a sound body 

And later to furnish them with a sound mind 

3. The intrinsic value of a human life should be recognized and estimated before it unfolds 

or ripens; long before it can work or endure or add to the common weal or welfare 

4. In the United States 

The yearly waste of infant life is seen 

In about 300,000 deaths in the first year 

(300,000) 

Most of this mortality is due to cruel 

Ignorance 

5. One ounce of additional prevention is worth twenty pounds of hospital cure. 90% 

of the sickness among the infants of the poor is due to ignorance. Ignorance is 
never removed from the homes of the poor except through instruction given 
through philanthropy 

6. The infants of the poor are found among three classes of parents which have been 

defined as: 

God's poor 
The devil's poor 

Poor devils 
The Babies' Hospital is no respecter of these babies. They are all human, innocent 
and worthy 

7. Healthy children are national assets of great value. Unsound, defective children are 

destined to become a national burden in adult life 

8. Wise charity does not pauperize the poor, but helps them by adding to their resources 

enough money or assistance to solve the problem, whether it be one of poverty 
or sickness. 






78 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 

Section 24— Plate XXXVIII 

Exhibit of the American Association of Medical Milk Commissions 
The material shown in this section consisted of: 

1. Numerous photographs of dairy farms producing milk which is being certified by 

commissions belonging to the association 

2. Charts showing the purpose of the organization 

3. Charts showing the growth of the milk commission idea 

4. Charts showing the results of four years' work 

5. Map showing the location of medical milk commissions in the United States and 

Canada 

6. Collection of sanitary milk utensils and instruments from the Walker-Gordon Labora- 

tory Company, used in shipping and delivering milk 

7. Display of apparatus used by the Walker-Gordon Laboratory Company in the modi- 

fication of milk. 

SECOND FLOOR EXHIBITS 

On this floor at the front of the building was located the executive office, where 
the committee on arrangements in general made its headquarters, with the secretary 
actively in charge. The special publicity agent and her stenographer also did most 
of their work here, and, of course, all officers and committees used the office for 
consultation and the general transaction of business incident to the installation 
of the exhibits and the management of the exhibition. 

Section 25— Plates XXXIX and XL 

Pathological Exhibit of the Veterinary Department of the University of Pennsylvania 
and the Pennsylvania State Live Stock Sanitary Board 

This exhibit was presided over by skilled attendants who explained to con- 
tinuous crowds of interested visitors the meaning of the many charts showing 
chemical tests to detect disease; tuberculosis in cattle; specimens of various parts 
and organs of animals affected with disease; and slides showing the results of 
bacteriological examinations of different kinds of milk. A large refrigerator was 
installed in this section for the purpose of keeping properly the many specimens. 

Section 26 — Plates XLI and XLII 

Exhibit of the Dairy Division of the Bureau of Animal Industry of the United States 

Department of Agriculture 

This exhibit was deservedly popular because of the splendid collection of large 
framed photographs shown, with contrasting views hung side by side, depicting 
the complete story of good and bad production and handling of milk. The photo- 
graphs in themselves were most interesting and instructive, but were made much more 
emphatic by the explanations of the special representatives of the Government, 
who were detailed here throughout the period of the Show. 

Numerous views with terse inscriptions were shown for each of the following 
main topics: 

1. Stables for cows 

Dirty and dangerous 
Clean and safe 



Ol 


(/) 




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W 




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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS 79 

2. Dairy cattle 

Dirty and diseased 
Clean and healthy 

3. Farm milk houses 

Clean and safe 
Dirty and dangerous 

4. Methods of cleaning cow stables 

5. Securing and handling 

Clean milk 
Dirty milk 

6. City milk plants 

Dirty and dangerous 
Clean and safe 

7. Milk distribution 

Dirty and dangerous 
Clean and safe 

8. Milk in the home 

Neglected and dangerous 
Cared for and safe 

9. Food value of milk 

10. Market milk investigations 

11. Score card system of dairy inspection. 

Section 27— Plate XLIII 

Exhibit of the State Board of Health of Maryland 

The wall space of this large section was completely filled with placards, charts, 
and maps showing dairy farm and milk handling conditions in various countries 
and cities. 

The following placards containing photographs showing foreign conditions were 
displayed, the number of photographs being given in parenthesis following each 
subject : 

1. Milk animals (26) 

2. Milch goats (23) 

3. Palermo milk girl with goats and jars — idealized— (colored picture) 

4. Milk maids (20) 

5. Dairies (14) 

6. Methods of handling milk in foreign countries (9) 

7. Conveyances for delivering milk (30) 

8. Conditions of milk and dairy service (16 postal cards) 

9. Dairy and laboratory (2) 

10. Corner of Havana milk market overlooking the harbor 

11. Corner of the Havana milk market by the sea wall overlooking the harbor 

12. (1) warehouse for butter; (2) department of refrigerating machinery, steam engine 

13. (1) laboratory; (2) refrigerating machinery 

14. (1) bottle cleaning department; (2) laboratory. 

Placards containing photographs showing domestic conditions were also shown : 

1. Work of Philadelphia Pasteurized Milk Society (10). Also samples of pamphlets 

2. Philadelphia milk distributing stations (10) 

3. Baltimore cow stable, no longer in existence since the passage of the Eisenbrandt 

ordinance 

4. City cow stable, no longer in existence since the passage of the Eisenbrandt ordinance 

5. Cow stables (6) 

6. Cow stables (2) 

7. Dairies (5) 

8. Interior of dairy 

9. Exterior of Quarry Farm dairy (2) 
10. Interior of Quarry Farm dairy 



80 



REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 



11. Dairy farm — Erahaust Farms (10) 

12. Proper means of handling milk 

13. Milk receiving stations 

14. Goats (4) 

15. Different milk products (10) 

16. Work of milk commission (5) 

17. Oakland, California (5) 

18. Pennsylvania State College Dairy School (Several) 

19. Ohio State University (19) 

20. University of Tennessee (27) 

21. Miscellaneous (3) 

Charts were shown: 

1. Value of farm products. United States, 1859, 1878, 1889 

2. Value of dairy and total farm products in the United States, 1900 

3. Number of cattle to square mile, 1900 

4. Milk area, American cities of over 200,000 

5. Rural Maryland, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904 

6. Baltimore, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904 

7. Board of Health of New Jersey. Examination of milk 

8. Boston bio-chemical laboratory. Diagram of milk inspection, June, 1905-March, 

1906 

9. Bacteriological examination of milk 

10. Cheese and butter production, 1850-1890 

11. Amount of energy and building materials got for one shilling in some typical foods 

12. Percentage of nutrients not absorbed in some typical foods 

13. Miscellaneous (7) 

Maps: 

1. Road map of Maryland 

2. Stations from which milk and cream are shipped and territory covered by dairy inspec- 

tion. District of Columbia Health Department. 

In this section was also displayed an interesting model of the dairy barns on the 
farm of French Brothers and Bauer, Lebanon, Ohio. 



Commercial Exhibits 



Floor space measuring about forty-seven by ninety-two feet was devoted to 
exhibits of a commercial nature. The following firms installed exhibits as noted: 



Floor plan section number Size 

3A, 3B, and4A 8' x 24 

4B 8'x 8 

5A 4'x 8 

5A 4'x 8 

5B 8'x 8 

6AandB 8'x 16 



Name and kind of exhibit 

Mr. Lee H. P. Maynard, 1937 Market Street, an ex- 
hibit of a commercial laboratory 

Mr. William Kelly, 1204 Pine Street, an exhibit of 
milk, etc. 

Mr. Paul Doering, 1228 North Howard Street, an ex- 
hibit of a cooler and aerator 

Messrs. Schutte and Koerting, 12th and Thompson 
Streets, an exhibit of a milk pasteurizer 

Independent Milk Dealers, 423 Fitzwater Street, an 
exhibit of milk, etc. 

Mechanical Refrigerating Machine Company, 864 
North Franklin Street, an exhibit of an ice machine 






DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBITS 81 

Floor plan section number Size Name and kind of exhibit 

7 A and B 8' x 16' Mr. Edward Woolman, 4709 Lancaster Avenue, an 

exhibit of photographs of a pasteurizer 
9A 8' x 8' Caloris Manufacturing Company, 2110 West Alle- 
gheny Avenue, an exhibit of Caloris bottles 
9B 8' x 8' Dairy Specialty Company, West Chester, Pennsyl- 
vania, an exhibit of a mechanical milker, etc. 

10A and B 8' x 16' Charles H. Phillips Company, New York City, an ex- 
hibit of milk of magnesia 

HB 8' x 8' Root Dairy Supply Company, West Grove, Pennsyl- 
vania, an exhibit showing filler and capper com- 
bined, dairy-sized cooler, milk pails, etc. 

12A and B 8' x 16' P. E. Sharpless Company, 813 North 11th Street, an 

exhibit showing shipping arrangements for butter; 
an exhibit of butter itself; cheese, ice cream; 
and evaporated milk for ice cream 

13A 8' x 8' Single Service Package Corporation of America, 71 

Broadway, New York City, an exhibit of paper 
bottles 

13B 8' x 8' Messrs. S. R. and S. W. Kennedy and Company, 28 

South Water Street, an exhibit of cheese, butter, 
and case evaporated and condensed milk 

14A and B 8' x 16' Mr. Samuel Shapiro, 638 North Franklin Street, an 

exhibit of a cooler adapted for use by farmers, 
milk can covers of various designs, an improved 
ice ring for the tops of cans, an improved pas- 
teurizer and cooler, an improved can 

15 A and B 8' x 16' The Crown Cork and Seal Company, Baltimore, Mary- 
land, an exhibit showing a milk bottle corking 
machine 

16A 8' x 8' Kensington Engine Works Company, Beach and Berks 

Streets, an exhibit showing an apparatus for dis- 
infecting or sterilizing milk bottles by steam 

17A and B 8' x 16' Abbott's Alderney Dairies, 1823 Filbert Street, an ex- 
hibit of milk and milk products, photographs of 
plant, etc. 

18A 8' x 8' Dairymen's Supply Company, Baltimore Avenue and 

P. R. R., Lansdowne, Pennsylvania, an exhibit 
of dairy supplies 

18B 8' x 8' West Disinfecting Company, 1303 Race Street, an ex- 
hibit of liquid soap for washing hands, of for- 
maldehyde generators, of chloronapthaleum (a 
disinfectant) and of creolin 

19A S' x 8' Achor Chocolate Manufacturing Company, 1338 

Cherry Street, an exhibit of milk chocolate and 
chocolactine 

19B 8' x 8' The Underwriters Company (Mr. Volkert O. 

Lawrence, President), 13th and Walnut Streets, 
in the name of the American Milk Improvement 
Company, an exhibit of Eversweet Milk 

20A and B 8' x 16' The Supplee Alderney Dairies, 1118 Jefferson Street, 

an exhibit of photographs and products, and 
Fermillac 

21A and B 8' x 16' The J. B. Ford Company, Michigan (W. E. Ratz, 415 

Bulletin Building, Philadelphia), an exhibit show- 
ing Wyandotte powder for washing bottles and 
pans, etc. 

22A and B 8' x 16' Exhibition lecture hall, Creamery Package Company, 

1907 Market Street, an exhibit of a pasteurizer. 






APPENDICES 



APPENDIX A 

Program of the Milk Show. Folded Size: 6 Inches by 11 Inches 

Note : — For reproduction of first, or cover, page see plate II, opposite p. 16. The fourth 
page contained the programs of the Conference of State and Municipal Health Officers and the Dairy 
Institute. These programs are reprinted as appendices B and C respectively, because they were also 
printed separately from the Milk Show program. 



i 



MOVING-PICTURE DEMONSTRATIONS AT THE CLOSE OF EACH SESSION 
AFTERNOON AND EVENING LECTURES AND DEMONSTRATIONS 

OPENING DAY— SATURDAY, May 20 

3 P.M. 
Presiding Officer, DR. C. J. HATFIELD, Vice-Chairman of the Executive Committee of 

the Philadelphia Milk Show 
ADDRESS OF WELCOME: Hon. John E. Reyburn, Mayor of the City of Philadelphia. 
THE PRESENT CONDITION OF THE MILK SUPPLY OF THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA: 

Dr. Joseph S. Neff , Director of the Department of Public Health and Charities. 
MEANS OF CORRECTING THE DEFECTS IN PHILADELPHIA'S MILK SUPPLY: 
Dr. S. McC. Hamill, Chairman of the Philadelphia Pediatric Society Milk Commission. 

12.20 P. M. 

Dr. H. Brooker Mills. 

8 P.M. 
Presiding Officer, DR. WARD BRINTON, Physician to the Philadelphia General Hospital 

THE DISSEMINATION OF DISEASE BY MILK: 

Dr. Randle C. Rosenberger, Professor of Bacteriology, Jefferson Medical School. 
MILK AS A FOOD: Dr. Lawrence F. Flick, Director of White Haven Sanatorium. 
THE HOURS OF DELIVERY OF MILK TO THE CONSUMER AND THE CARE OF THE EMPTY 

MILK BOTTLE: Dr. J. C. Gittings, Instructor in Diseases of Children, University of Pennsylvania. 

SUNDAY, May 21 

LECTURES IN YIDDISH 
3 P.M. 

Presiding Officer, DR. L. W. STEINBACH, Professor of Surgery, Philadelphia Polyclinic 
and School for Graduates in Medicine 

INFANT MORTALITY AND THE MILK QUESTION: Dr. Maurice Goldberg, Member of the Philadel- 
phia Pediatric Society. 
CARE OF MILK IN THE HOME: Dr. S. Seilikowitch, Member of the Philadelphia Pediatric Society. 

8 P.M. 

FOR EMPLOYEES IN DEPARTMENT STORES 

Presiding Officer, DR. JAMES M. ANDERS, Professor of the Practice of Medicine, 
Medico-Chirurgical Medical School 

THE VALUE OF MILK TO THE INDOOR WORKER: Dr. James H. McKee, Professor of Children's 
Diseases at Temple University. 

MILK PRODUCTS IN RELATION TO HEALTH: Dr. Jesse D. Burks, Director of the Bureau of Mu- 
nicipal Research. 

MONDAY, May 22 

12.20 P. M. 

Dr. Alex. H. Davisson. 

3 P.M. 
Presiding Officer, DR. D. J. MILTON MILLER, Member of the American Pediatric Society 

THE MEDICAL MILK COMMISSION AND ITS PURPOSES: Dr. Henry L. Coit, President of the New 

Jersey State Pediatric Society. 
DAIRY EDUCATION AMONGST THE PRODUCERS OF MILK (.Lantern Slides): Mr. W. E. Miller, 

President of the Certified Milk Producers' Association of America. 

8 P.M. 
Presiding Officer, DR. J. T. RUGH, President of the Philadelphia Pediatric Society 

THE DISEASES OF CHILDREN TRACEABLE TO BAD MILK: Dr. Abraham Jacobi, Emeritus Pro- 
fessor of the Diseases of Children, Columbia University, New York. 

THE PRODUCTION OF CLEAN RAW MILK: Mr. Stephen Francisco, Ex-President of the Certified Milk 
Producers' Association of America. 

TUESDAY, May 23 

n A. M. 
MILK IN COOKING: Miss Edna Klaer, Drexel Institute. 

12.20 P. M. 

Dr. S. W. Newmeyer. 

3 P.M. 
Presiding Officer, DR. JAMES TYSON, Emeritus Professor of Medicine, Univ. of Pa. 

THE CARE OF MILK IN THE HOME: Dr. G. M. Whitaker, In Charge of Market Milk Investigations, 

Dairy Division, U. S. Department of Agriculture. 
THE IMPORTANCE OF PROPER CONTROL IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BUTTER: Dr. Alfred 

F. Hess, Bacteriological Department, Board of Health, New York City. 

8 P. M. 

Presiding Officer, MR. J. PRENTICE MURPHY, Secretary and Superintendent of the 

Children's Bureau of Philadelphia 

MILK SUPPLY OF VILLAGES: Dr. H. W. Conn, Professor of Bacteriology, Wesleyan University. 
THE RELATIONSHIP OF MILK TO TUBERCULOSIS IN HUMAN BEINGS: Dr. William H. Park, 
Chief Bacteriologist of the Department of Health, New York City. 

WEDNESDAY, May 24 

1 1 A. M. Under the Auspices of the Civic Club 

THE ELIMINATION OF THE FLY (Illustrated) : Mrs. R. Tait McKenzie. 

11.40 A. M. 
LANTERN SLIDE AND MOVING-PICTURE DEMONSTRATION. 

(Second Page) 85 



12 M. 

THE VALUE OF INSTRUCTION BY THE VISITING NURSE IN CONNECTION WITH THE CARE 
OF MILK IN THE HOME: Miss Ellen C. Babbitt, Russell Sage Foundation, New York. 

3 P.M. 

Presiding Officer, DR. J. C. WILSON, Professor of Medicine, Jefferson Medical School 

MILK AS A CARRIER OF INFECTION: Dr. E. C. Schroeder, Superintendent Experiment Station, B. 

A. I., U. S. Department of Agriculture. 
METHODS OF PROTECTING MILK SUPPLIES FROM SOURCES OF INFECTION: Dr. John R. 

Mohler, Chief of Pathological Division, B. A. I., U. S. Department of Agriculture. 

8 P.M. 
Presiding Officer, DR. J. S.NEFF, Director of the Department of Public Health and Charities 

PASTEURIZATION OF MILK: Dr. M. J. Rosenau, Professor of Preventative Medicine and Hygiene, 

Harvard University. 
SAFEGUARDING THE HANDLING AND DISTRIBUTION OF MILK IN CITIES: Dr. W. A. Evans, 

Health Officer of the City of Chicago. 

THURSDAY, May 25 

11 A. M. 
MILK IN THE DAILY MENU: Miss Lena Powers, Drexel Institute. 

12.20 P. M. 

Dr. Walter S. Cornell. 

3 P.M. 

Presiding Officer, DR. SAMUEL G. DLXON, Commissioner of Health of Pennsylvania 

THE MEANS OF IMPROVING MARKET MILK— CARRIED OUT BY THE UNITED STATES DE- 
PARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE: Dr. G. M. Whitaker, In Charge of Market Milk Investigations, 
Dairy Division, U. S. Department of Agriculture. 

THE INSPECTION OF DAIRY HERDS— WHAT THE INSPECTOR DOES AND WHY HE DOES IT: 
Dr. J. P. Turner, Chief Milk Inspector of the City of Washington. 

8 P.M. 
Presiding Officer, REV. HERMAN L. DUHRING, Superintendent of City Missions 

THE RELATIVE VALUE OF MILK AND OTHER FOODS, ESPECIALLY THE ADVERTISED SUB- 
STITUTES FOR MILK: Dr. David L. Edsall, Professor of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania. 

WHAT THE CONSUMER SHOULD DEMAND OF THE MILKMAN: Dr. John Amyot, Health Officer 
of the City of Toronto, Canada. 

FRIDAY, May 26 

12.20 P. M. 

THE ELIMINATION OF THE FLY (Illustrated): Dr. W. N. Bradley. 

3 P.M. 
Presiding Officer, DR. E. E. GRAHAM, Professor of Diseases of Children, Jefferson 

Medical College 

ICE CREAM AND ITS RELATION TO PUBLIC HEALTH: Dr. Geo. W. Stiles, Bacteriological Chemist 

of the Bureau of Chemistry, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. 
THE DECEPTIONS PRACTICED IN THE PREPARATION AND SALE OF MILK: Dr. Charles H. 

La Wall, Chemist of the Pennsylvania State Dairy and Food Department. 

8 P.M. 
Presiding Officer, DR. R. H. HARTE, Surgeon of the Pennsylvania Hospital 

CONSUMERS' ORGANIZATIONS IN RELATION TO THE MILK QUESTION: Mrs. William Lowell 
Putnam, Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Massachusetts Milk Consumers' Association. 

DANGEROUS PRACTICES IN THE HANDLING OF MILK: Dr. Otto P. Geier, Secretary of the Amer- 
ican Association of Medical Milk Commissions. 

SATURDAY, May 27 

11 A. M. 

HOME-MADE ICE CREAM: Mrs. Anna B. Scott, of the North American. 

12.20 P. M. 
Dr. Theo. LeBoutillier. 

3 P.M. 
Presiding Officer, MR. W. W. PHILLIPS, of the Tri-State Milk Producers' Association 

HOW TO PRODUCE HIGH QUALITY MILK: Dr. George M. Whitaker, In Charge of Market Milk In- 
vestigations, Dairy Division, U. S. Department of Agriculture. 

INSPECTION OF DAIRY HERDS AS INSTALLED BY THE STATE LIVE STOCK SANITARY 
BOARD: Dr. C. J. Marshall, Veterinarian of the State of Pennsylvania. 

AWARDING OF PRIZES 

The cups given as prizes for the Certified Milk and Cream Contest are donated by the Milk Commission of 

the Philadelphia Pediatric Society, and the cups for the Market Milk and Cream Contest 

by the Philadelphia Milk Exchange. 

8 P.M. 
Presiding Officer, MR. J. A. VOGLESON, Chief of the Bureau of Health 

THE JOURNEY OF MILK FROM THE COW TO THE CONSUMER: Mr. John D. Nichols, President 

of the International Milk Dealers' Association. 
THE DUTY OF THE PUBLIC IN THE CRUSADE FOR CLEAN MILK: Dr. Talcott Williams, LL.D. 



Special demonstrations of the exhibits daily by the following corps of instructors : 
11 A. M. to 2 P. M. — Dr. N. F. Bricker, Dr. Mark T. Bowie, Dr. Walter H. Oliver, Dr. Ward Brinton. 
3 P. M. to S P. M. — Dr. Sidney J. Repplier, Dr. Jacobina S. Reddie, Dr. A. G. Tinney, Dr. Randolph Faries. 
7 P. M. to 10 P. M. — Dr. Benj. D. Parish, Dr. Marianna Taylor, Dr. J. McPhee Hincken, Dr. Frank Baird. 
2 P. M. to 5 P. M. Sunday. — Dr. N. H. Hornstine in Yiddish. 

Although the Philadelphia Milk Show has tried to properly censor the commercial ex- 
hibits, it cannot hold itself responsible for statements or opinions expressed by commer- 
cial exhibitors, nor particularly recommend their products above other similar ones. 

86 (Third Page) 



CONFERENCE OF STATE AND MUNICIPAL HEALTH OFFICERS 87 



APPENDIX B 

Program of the Conference of State and Municipal Health Officers. 
Folded Size: 3}/2 Inches by 6 Inches 

Note: — For reproduction of first, or cover, page see plate II, opposite p. 16. 



]r=H 



] 



*Che text of the Conference is the Report of the 
Philadelphia Milk Commission, and contemplates a 
Discussion of tbe entire JXCILK 'PROBLEM 

MORNING SESSION 

TEN O'CLOCK 
CHARLES R PENROSE, M. D. 

PRESIDING 



Special Discussion with Relation to 
" The Need Of, and the Results 
from Regulation of Milk Supplies " 

To be Opened by 

ERNST J. LEDERLE, Ph.D. 
Commissioner of Health, New York City 

H. H. WILEY, M. D. 

Chief of Bureau of Chemistry, United States 

Department of Agriculture 

C. HAMPSON JONES, M. D. 
Assistant Commissioner of Health, Baltimore, Md. 

Professor CHARLES H. La WALL 
Chemist, State Food Commission, Pennsylvania 

CHARLES J. HASTINGS, M. D. 
Medical Health Officer, Toronto, Canada 

F. H. STADTMUELLER, ESQ. 
Health Officer, Elmwood, Connecticut 



GENERAL DISCUSSION 



(Second Page) 



88 



REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 



I 



3BC 



AFTERNOON SESSION 

THREE O'CLOCK 
A. C. ABBOTT, M.D., LL. D. 

PRESIDING 

Special Discussion in Relation to 

"The Development of, and the 
Practical Application of Milk Laws" 

To be opened by 

W. A. EVANS, M. D. 
Commissioner of Health, Chicago, III. 

JOHN A. AMYOT, M. D. 
Health Officer, Ontario, Canada 

E. C. LEVY, M. D. 

Chief Health Officer, Richmond, Virginia 

GEORGE W McGUIRE 

Chief, Division of Creameries and Dairies, State 

Board of Health, Trenton, New Jersey 

Prof H. E. VanNORMAN 

Professor of Dairy Husbandry. Pennsylvania State 

College, Bellefonte, Pennsylvania 

WILLIAM GIMPER, V. M. D. 

Supervising Inspector, State Live Stock Sanitary 

Board, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 



GENERAL DISCUSSION 



(Third Page) 



PROGRAM OF THE DAIRY INSTITUTE 



89 



APPENDIX C 

Program of the Dairy Institute. Folded Size: 4- Inches by 9 Inches 

Note: For reproduction of first, or cover, page see plate II, opposite p. 16. 



MAY 24th 

The Production of Good Milk 



Hon. E. T. Gill, Presiding 

Haddon Farms, Haddonfield, N. J. 



"Prepotency in Breeding" 

DR. CARL W. GAY 

School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Penn- 
sylvania 

"Improving the Dairy Herd" 

MR. R. J. WELD 
Sugar Grove, Pa. 
Discussion: MR. M. F. PHILLIPS 
Pomeroy, Pa. 

"Feeding for Milk Production" 

MR. H. W. JEFFERS 

Walker-Gordon Farms, Plainsboro, N. J. 

"How Milk May be Contaminated by 
Disease-Producing Agents" 

DR. JOHN R. MOHLER 

Chief, Pathological Division, U. S. Bureau of Animal 
Industry 

"Economical Value of Cow Testing" 

MR. I. C. COHEE 

Brandywine Dairy Testing Association, Chadd's 
Ford, Pa. 

"Observations on the Dairy Methods in the 
Ayrshire Country" 

JOHN R. VALENTINE, Esq. 

Highland Farm, Bryn Mawr, Pa. 



(Second Page) 



90 



REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 



MAY 25th 



Dairy Farm Sanitation 
and Hygiene 



Hon. H. W. COMFORT, Presiding 

Castaneo Dairy Company, Fallsington, Pa. 



"Cow Stable Construction — Improving Old 
Barns" 

DR. M. E. CONARD 
West Grove, Pa. 

"Care of and Cooling Milk on the Farm" 

MR. A. B. HUEY 

Secretary, Interstate Milk Producers' Association, 
Lenape, Pa. 

"Influence of Methods of Milking and 
of Handling Milk on the Quality" 

MR. CLARENCE B. LANE 
Philadelphia 

"Purpose of the Recommendations of the 
Philadelphia Milk Commission" 

DR. C. J. MARSHALL 
State Veterinarian 

"Dairy Farm Inspection" 

DR. JOHN P. TURNER 

Department of Health, District of Columbia 

DR. H. B. FELTON 

Department of Public Health and Charities, Phila- 
delphia 

"Sanitary Milk Production from the 
Producer's Standpoint" 

DR. C. M. SELTZER 

Spring Brook Farms, Hatboro, Pa. 

"Economical Feeding of Dairy Cows" 

PROF. H. E. VanNORMAN 

School of Agriculture, State College, Pa. 



(Third Page) 



PROGRAM OF THE DAIRY INSTITUTE 
MAY 26th 

Distribution of Milk 



1 



91 



Hon. JOHN D. NICHOLS, Presiding 

President, International Milk Dealers' Association 



"Sanitary Milk" 

DR. A. S. WHEELER 

Biltmore Farms, Biltmore, N. C. 

"Distribution of Milk in Large Cities" 

PROF. B. H. RAWL 

Chief, Dairy Division, U. S. Bureau of Animal In- 
dustry 

"Safeguarding the Handling and Distribu- 
tion of Milk by the Dealer" 

DR. NELSON C. DAVIS 

Sanitarian for H. B. Hood & Sons, Charlestown, Mass. 

"The Qualifications of Good Milk" 

DR. D. H. BERGEY 

Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Pennsylvania 

"Description of a Modern City Pasteur- 
izing Plant" 

MR. LOTON HORTON 

President, Sheffield Farms-Slawson Decker Company, 
New York, N. Y. 

"Scientific Control of the Output of Pas- 
teurizing and Bottling Plants" 

DR. CHARLES E. NORTH 

Chairman, Committee on Sanitation, Bacteriology 
and Public Health of the New York Milk Committee 

"The Sanitary Side of the Milk Question" 

DR. JOHN A. AMYOT 

Professor of Hygiene, University of Toronto; Bac- 
teriologist, Provincial Board of Health, Toronto, 
Canada 



(Fourth Page) 



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EDUCATIONAL LEAFLETS 103 



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EDUCATIONAL LEAFLETS 



105 



Leaflet No. 10 



What do You know about Milk? 




C You can get valuable infor- 
mation without cost in the fol- 
lowing United States Govern- 
ment Documents. 



Report of a special committee appointed by the Washington Chamber of Commerce to 
investigate the milk situation in the District of Columbia. 1911. 

Senate doc. 863. 61 Cong. 3 Sess. ^37 pages. 
Milk in its relation to the public health. 1909. 

Bui. 56, Hygienic Lab., U. S. Pub. Health and Mar. Hosp. Sen. 83b pages. 
The history, development and statistics of milk charities in the United States, 1910. 

Reprint from Pub. Health Reports 50, U. S. Pub. Health and Mar. Hos. Sen. 22 pages. 
The milk supply of two hundred cities and towns. 1903. 

Bui. 46, Bur. of Animal Industry, U. S. Dept. of Agric. 210 pages. _ _ 

Sanitary milk production. Report of a conference appointed by the Commissioners of 
the District of Columbia. 1907. 

Cir. Ilk, Bur. of Animal Industry, U. S. Dept. of Agric. 38 pages. 
The unsuspected but dangerously tuberculous cow. 1907. 

Cir. 118, Bur. of Animal Industry^ U. S. Dept. of Agric. 19 pages. 
The score-card system of dairy inspection. 1909. 

Cir. 139, Bur. of Animal Industry, U. S. Dept. of Agric. 32 pages. 
Some important factors in the production of sanitary milk. 1909. 

Cir. H2, Bur. of Animal Industry, U. S. Dept. of Agric. 22 pages 
Competitive exhibitions of milk and cream, with report of an exhibition held at Pitts- 
burgh, Pa., in cooperation with the Pittsburgh Chamber of Commerce. 1909. 

Cir. 151, Bur. of Animal Industry, 36 pages. . _ 

The dissemination of disease by dairy products and methods for prevention. 1910. 

Cir. 153, Bur. of Animal Industry, U. S. Dept. of Agric. 51 pages. 
Milk transportation; freight rates to the largest fifteen cities in the United btates. iww. 

Bui. 25, Bur. of Statistics, U. S. Dept. of Agric. 60 pages. 
The dairy herd; its formation and arrangement. 1904. 

Farmers' Bui. 55, U. S. Dept. of Agric. 29 pages. 
Care of milk on the farm. 1906. 

Farmers' Bui. 63, U. S. Dept. of Agric. Ifi pages. 
Breeds of dairy cattle. 1899. 

Farmers' Bui. 106, U. S. Dept. of Agric. ^8 pages. 
Bacteria in milk. 1909. 

Farmers' Bui. 3h8, U. S. Dept. of Agric. 2h pages. 
O The use of milk as food. 1909. 

Farmers' Bui. 363, U. S. Dept. of Agric. U pages. 
The care of milk and its use in the home. 1910. 

Farmers' Bui. U3, U. S. Dept. of Agric. 20 pages. 

Apply to your Congressman or to the Bureau or Department Concerned 

CITIZENS' BUSINESS, No. 17 
Bureau of Municipal Research of Philadelphia 

REAL ESTATE TRUST BUILDING 



106 



REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 



APPENDIX E 

Application Blank and Contract for Commercial Exhibits. Size: 8% 

Inches by 11 Inches. 



0ttUti» 

Honorary Chairman, Hon. JuHN E. Reyburn 
Chairman. DR. JOSfcPH S. NeFT 
Vlce-Cha,rman, Dr. ChaRLES J. H AT FIELD 
Secretary, Da JOSEPH Walsh 
Treasurer. Mft. E. T. STOTESBURY 
Execution Secretary. Ml. ARTHUR E. Post 



f iyUatelplria ililk fclprai 

May 20th to 27th 



CEtjatrntMi of GobuMOkb 



'. J. Byron Deacon, Sezrdarp 



'Department of 'Public Health and Charities 
J£ilk Commission of the 'Philadelphia 'Pediatric Society 
Veterinary 'Department of the University of 'Pennsylvania 
{Bureau of Municipal Research of Philadelphia 

And Many Other Co-operating Jiaenda 



Pabtidtu 

Dr. )euc D. Bark* Secehsu 
Procuring ExhtbUt 

Or. Frank A. Cniz. 5tcat«v 



Conference of Heattit Officer* 

Mr. Jona A. Votfaon 
Education 

Dainj Institutions and Milk CoataH 

Social OisanUato/a 



» Gertrude Lady. Seawtmrt 



Office. Tloom 588. Cty Hall 

Philadelphia 

APPLICATION FOR SPACE FOR COMMERCIAL EXHIBIT 



%bj S. VlaOm 



1911 



OR. JOSEPH WALSH. 

Chairman Committee on Commercial Exhibits 
of the Philadelphia Milk Show. 

732 Pine Street. Philadelphia, Pa. 

You ere hereby authorized to reserve (or our use the 

Exhibit. Hall of the Philadelphia Milk Show: 



the 



_ agree to pay 50% of the charge for space immediately on ac- 
knowledgment of reservation acd the remaining 50% on May 19th. 

— agree to abide by all requirements and restrictions mentioned on 

the reverse side of this sheet 



Printed on letter head of committee on procuring exhibits 
(Front) 



APPLICATION BLANK AND CONTRACT FOR EXHIBITS 107 



REGULATIONS REGARDING COMMERCIAL EXHIBITS 



The Philadelphia Milk Show will be held at 809 Chestnut Street, from Saturday morning. May 20th, 
to Saturday evening. May 27th. 

The Hall will be open for the installation of exhibits for several days before the public opening. All 
exhibits must be in place by Friday, May 1 9th. 

The charge for space will be $.50 per square foot. Exhibitors must pay 50% of the charges for space 
immediately on acknowledgment of reservation and the remaining 50% on May 19th, 1911. 

Exhibitors are expected to attend to the installation of their own exhibits, and a certain amount of 
uniformity will be required. 

No subletting of space will be permitted. 

No refund will be made for space ordered and once accepted. 

The Philadelphia Milk Show will not be responsible to exhibitors against loss of any kind. 

Exhibitors must agree to make no unwarranted claims and be guided in this regard by the opinion of 
the Censor Committee of the Milk Show. 

All exhibits are subject to censorship and may be ordered withdrawn at any time if found objectionable. 
In the event of an exhibit being ordered withdrawn, a refund of rental corresponding to the remaining days of the 
exhibit will be made. 

The transfer of articles in sale during the course of the exhibit is prohibited. 

A description of the exhibit should accompany the application for space. 



(Reverse) 



APPENDIX F 

Entry Blank for Milk and Cream Contests. Size: 8 Inches by 10% 

Inches 

Class 6, market milk 1 (The ent blank f op each dags wag the 

C ass 7, market cream game ^ ^ tion o{ the clasg 

Class 8, certified milk , heading in the middle of the front side) 

Class 9, certified cream J 



Philadelphia Milk Show 

MILK AND CREAM CONTEST 

PHILADELPHIA, PA. 

MAY 20-27. 1911 

UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE 

Dairy Division, Bureau of Animal Industry, 

U. S. Department of Agriculture 



Only this Official Entry Blank will be Accepted 
CLASS 6, MARKET MILK 

Gentlemen i 

Please enter for me four quarts of market milk in competition for prizes offered by the Philadelphia 
Milk Show, in accordance with the conditions herein prescribed. 



Proprietor 
Manager 

Post Office Address - 

Date ™„.I9II 



ft) Competition in milk and cream department is open to all milk and cream producers in the United States and Canada. 

(2) Producers of Market MQk may compete in both Market Milk and Market Cream classes. 

(3) Producers of Certified Milk may Compete in both Certified Milk and Certified Cream classes. 

(4) Producers of milk can make but one entry in any one class. 

(5) Producers of Certified Milk or Certified Cream are barred from competition in Market Milk and Market Cream classes. 

All samples of certified milk and cream must be accompanied by a certificate issued by a Medical Milk Commission. 

(6) Entries in milk classes consist o' 4 quarts of milk in quart bottles. 

(7) Entries in cream classes consist of 4 pints of cream in pint bottles. 

(8) All entries of milk and cream after scoring become the property of the United States Department of Agriculture. 

(9) No exhibitor will be entitled to a medal or diploma who does not make answer to each question, sign declaration, and forward 

this official entry blank to G. M. Whitaker, Superintendent of Milk and Cream Exhibits, care of Veterinary School, 
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. 






Reprint of entry blank of class 6 
(Front) 



ENTRY BLANK FOR MILK AND CREAM CONTESTS 109 



HOW TO COMPETE 

Milk entered to compete for prizes, must be sent by express or otherwise, from station nearest the producer direct to 
G. ^Witoker, Superintendent, Milk and Cream Exhibit, Care of G. H. McKay, Reading Termmal Market and Cold Storage, 
1118 Arch Street", Philadelphia, Pa. 

Fxnress charzes on exhibits must be prepaid to destination. ... , . , j u m v. 

Rottle! must be carefully packed, caps should be sealed, making bottle air tight, and both the top of bottle and cap should be 
protected" ithpaperTmetal or other material, and all covered with crushed ice sufficient to maintain a low temperature dunng 

traI1S Th?P^ 1 kage should be plainly addressed on outside. A card should also be tacked on box, on inside, giving plainly sender'. 

^faUffi aS milk entered t£3u£££g ofSne age when scored, it is hereby specified that i, shall be produced 
on Mondav Mai 15* and "shipped 1 and delivered to express company at once. This is necessary for perfectly fair compet.tion. 

A represenStive Hof Ae Department of Agriculture will be in Philadelphia to take charge of the milk on its amval and see 
that it is properly cared for. 

QUESTIONS TO BE ANSWERED IN DETAIL BY EXHIBITORS OF MILK 

1. On what day and hour was the sample of milk, entered in this show, drawn? .. - — - 

2. How many cows contributed to the sample of milk entered?™ »•..• • ■»•■-«- - — — 

3. How many cows in your herd are now giving milk ?...„, ,... -•— • «-»— — """" 

4. How long since the cows contributing to the sample of milk freshened? (Average time) „, — - 

5. Are the cows supplying this sample, grade or pure bred?. w , .„.„^.^,^.—v ...^...^.-...-o.-™-— »,.-.— . —= > 

IS pure bred, give name of breed ....- ,».„■„„. ™ ,„,.....^»„.-,...< ™» >•■-- -« — «™»— — 

6. What kind and amount of feed was given cows daily during the week preceding the production of this sample of milk? 



Were cows cleaned previous to milking? . 
If so, describe method of cleaning — 



8. Were cows in stable or out of doors when the sample of milk was drawn? „^.™~.~. - K in stable, how was 

stable cared for?...,.. *-. — „,...,.......- — - - - ■""■- ~" "**— 

9. What precautions were taken by milkers as regards cleanliness of clothing and hands?.,.„.„ _»~. — 

10. How many milkers were engaged in milking the sample entered? „..„. -.— . — ■ 

11. What kind of pails were used, narrow or wide top?.- — - - 

12. How were pails cleaned previous to use? „ - - 

13. Was milk drawn from the cow direct into pail or through cloth cover or cotton filter? -» 

14. What method of straining milk, if any, was followed? „..._„ -_ — 

15. How long after milk was drawn from cows before it was cooled?... .... — — ™ ™„«. .- - - 

16. Describe milk cooler, if any was used =„. ..,.».». - 

17. How was miJk cooler prepared for use? - - - - 

18. To what temperature was milk cooled ?. ....^„.»,....„....„,., - - 

19. How were bottles and caps prepared for use ? „.... , — ...._ » --■■ 

20 What bottling process was used or what method of bottling was followed? ...„ ., — .«.— - 

21 How was milk cared for after bottling and previous to shipment? — „ - — — — — 

22. Give date and hour when milk was (or will be) shipped. „™.. n „„ «• 

23. Do you wish shipping cases and bottles returned at your expense? - -»■»■» 

24. Have you previously exhibited milk or cream at any local, state or national show? „ 

Remarks ,„....,.....*„■•.. - »■ — «— ■ ~— - - 



( M do hei by declare each and every statement in answer to the above 
V e8t5o^roe''ab^lmei7we. I do f^'emorTd^ that the milk submitted by me in this contest is the pure natural product, 
free from preservatives, and that it has not been heated or changed in any way. 



Proprietor. 

Manager 



( Reverse) 



110 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 

APPENDIX G 

Reprints of a Few Press Comments 

From The Outlook, New York City, July 29: 

THE SPECTATOR 

Gay with red, white and blue bunting, with a big electric sign above the entrance, the Milk Show 
opened its hospitable doors free to all comers. And how they came! Entrances in the front of the store 
building on one street, exits at the back to the street behind, and big uniformed Philadelphia policemen 
passing the crowd through, and yet it remained always a dense crowd— orderly, eager and intensely 
in earnest to see and understand. " To enlighten, not to frighten," was the motto over the front entrance, 
and the enlightenment was everywhere, from the bacilli cultures in the show windows to the model 
dairy barns and the certified milk exhibited inside. Those bacilli cultures had a crowd three feet deep 
all the while around the window, yet they were very simple — just two jars with a little milk in each one. 
In one jar a single fly sported in the milk; in the other a dozen were enjoying themselves bathing and 
drinking, while a big placard read: 



If it takes i fly 3 hours 

to contaminate the sterilized milk in Jar A 

and 12 flies 5 minutes 

to contaminate the sterilized milk in Jar B 

How long will it take you to kill 

all the flies in YOUR HOME ? 

Daily at 3 P. M. the results of the con- 
tamination will be demonstrated. 



There was demonstration enough inside— colored charts of the fifty-seven varieties of bacilli, 
enlarged and colored until one was reminded of the small school-boy who, when he saw one of Turner's 
sunsets, remarked seriously, "That looks like the inside of a drunkard's stomach!" Ovens for baking 
milk and killing all bacteria and every kind and sort of sterilizing process were displayed on all sides. 
A series of round glass affairs for cultivating germs in scientific style were ranged on shelves, where the 
public could see just how they grew, and this held a double row of gazers all the while, the white spots 
of colonies under the glass speaking for themselves. One chart showed a milk-can with radiating lines 
to the different streets of a small town, and the legend: "Hightown — 2,000 population. Diphtheria, 
28 cases and 11 deaths — traced to boy who washed milk-can." On the other side of the same aisle, in 
mute, delightful testimony of contrasted safety, rose rows of shining glass bottles full of pure, creamy 
milk, set among green ferns and foliage, and served by smiling, spotless houris in white aprons, who did 
a rushing trade every minute. "Look first upon this picture, and then on that" did not fail in its age- 
long educational effect, even on the children. 



There were [hundreds of] children there, by the way. They came from that part of the city where 
the milk usually is at its worst. The public schools sent them, the street car company transported them 
free of charge, and twenty-five hundred each day were shepherded through the Show. Their little 
feet came trotting and shuffling along, and that day's contingent seemed to be about ten years old, on 
the average, with descents occasionally as low as five. Americans, Irish, Germans, Jews, Poles, Italians, 
Slavs, Negroes — they succeeded one another like waves of the cosmopolitan future. They were halted 
in squads before this exhibit and that, and stared impartially, round-eyed, at the bacilli, the modified 
milk machinery, and the silver trophy cups which, nine in number, showed that clean milk is a sporting 
proposition nowadays. What they really liked best, though, were the four models of dairy barns, com- 



REPRINTS OF A FEW PRESS COMMENTS 111 

plete down to the last detail, cows, horses, and all, with the farmer standing in his barnyard like Noah 
with the ark. "Excellent," "Good," "Fair," "Bad," the four models were labeled, and the "Excellent" 
one was truly a pleasant sight, with its two rows of fat doll cattle standing on the wide, unpartitioned, 
clean floor, lighted by big windows, and spotlessly kept. "Good" showed horses kept in the same barn, 
and some carelessness in keeping things in order. "Fair" was in worse disorder still, and not so well 
lighted or arranged. As for "Bad," with its higgledy-piggledy horses, cows, and sheep, its piled trash 
in every corner, its many partitions, its lack of light, its realistically dirty barnyard and grimy farmer, 
it was an object lesson indeed. "It's the usual kind, though," commented a dairyman behind the 
Spectator. "Get out into the country, and you'll find it everywhere. There are more farmers every 
year building new barns right, of course — but the old barns!" Evidently the Milk Show had thought 
of this side of it, too, for a lecture in connection with it was announced, the Spectator saw, for the next 
day, on "Improving Old Barns." 

Many practical problems were illuminated at the Milk Show. For example, the question " How 
far should the milk in a bottle reach ?" was illustrated by pictures, showing that unless the milk came up 
as far as the stopple, leaving no visible space below the cap, it was short weight, so to speak. "What 
do you know about the ice-cream sold by street venders ?" was another awakening query. "We can 
tell you" — and then followed statistics and pictures calculated to ruin the careless ice-cream street 
trade. Bacteriological specimens of ice-cream from the State Laboratory backed up the placard. The 
Spectator has always heard of the fame of Philadelphia ice-cream, but the street venders of the city 
evidently use another kind. The glass milk bottle, too, came in for its share of criticism. It used to be 
progressive — of course it is still a vast improvement on the dip-tank, against which Massachusetts women 
have lately declared war — but now the march of milk improvement has distanced it. The glass bottle 
is expensive, therefore must be returned and used again. This makes its cleanliness problematical. 
At the Milk Show the paraffined paper bottle or container, used once only by the milkman, was displayed 
in several forms. It is ideally sanitary, and has now been improved past several objections. "You 
can see through it now," explained one dealer to another, discussing its merits. "It used to be opaque, 
and the customers always said the bottle wasn't full. Now you can show 'em how high the milk comes. 
The only thing I'm not sure about is, will the fluting inside the neck catch the cream and waste some of it ? 
It has to be fluted to allow for the expansion, so that it won't burst, like a glass bottle, if the milk freezes. 
It's a good proposition — we're going to put it in." From such experts as these the Spectator heard the 
opinion that it was "a first-rate Show"; so they, as well as the children, were a satisfied audience. 



Also it was Woman's Day. The Civic Club had sent out invitations to all the women's clubs 
of eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware and Maryland, and the members came, shoals of them, 
to look at the Show and listen to two special lectures by women. One was on the house-fly, the other 
on the babies of the tenement and the way to give them clean milk. The Spectator is almost sorry for 
the house-fly. It always was doomed when it got into the home of an old-fashioned good housekeeper. 
But she only killed it on the premises. To-day the housekeeper is leaving home, with her loins girded, 
to track down the fly before it reaches her gates. She is treating the fly by community methods, and 
she now calls it "the typhoid fly," which settles it. "House-fly" was an amiable, intimate name, which 
left it optional whether to kill or spare. But " Shoo fly ! " has now changed to " Kill that fly ! " and even 
the most careless housekeeper feels the difference. The lecturer of the day had numberless lantern 
slides illustrating the best methods of fly capture. One simple wire trap was shown, placed over a 
garbage-can near an ice-cream parlor. In fifteen minutes this trap had broken the record with twenty- 
five hundred flies captured. In Worcester, Massachusetts, the boys had placed these fly-traps on 
tomato-cans in which a little refuse was put as a bait, and had caught flies ad infinitum. For these 
flies they were paid so much a hundred, and there were so many thousands of insects captured that they 
were used as fertilizer! A special stamp bearing the household words "Kill That Fly" had been in- 
vented by the lecturer, and is now being extensively used by the women's clubs and charitable societies 
on their mail this summer. 



The Russell Sage Foundation placard was a great favorite. It was a series on the plan of the 
Industrious and the Idle Apprentice. Five cartoons showed the causes and effect of dirty milk— the 
dirty cow in the cow-shed, the dirty can and transportation, the dirty dip-tank at the grocer's, the dirty 
kitchen in the tenement, and the dying baby in its distracted mother's arms. Five others showed 
alluringly the Clean Milk idea — the clean cow and dairyman, the clean glass bottle and shipment, the 
clean milk station, the clean ice-pail in the tenement, and the healthy child, cooing and comfortable, 
being weighed by the smiling mother. Another great success was a chart asserting that "Milk is the 
only safe food for infants — these are dangerous!" and showing, finely drawn and colored, an assemblage 
of pictures, one after another, of an ear of corn, a cucumber pickle, a cone of ice-cream, a pretzel, an 
apple, a banana, a bottle of soda water, a large, lucious slice of watermelon, and a cup of coffee or tea. 



112 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 

Near this was a photograph of a group of school girls learning how to take care of babies, and another of 
a class of mothers learning how to prepare milk. A young German couple stood entranced before these 
photographs, arm in arm. They had left the baby at home, but they were talking about it. "They 
are from the Settlement," some one explained. " Crowds of people from the slums are coming every day, 
so as to learn how to keep the babies alive through the hot summer." The number of poorly dressed 
women who were crowded three deep around a nurse who was explaining how to keep milk in a home- 
made ice-box with the least quantity of ice impressed this information still more deeply on the Spec- 
tator. Here was the ultimate consume!- — the very small consumer, and yet the very important one, too. 



It was for this reason, and for many others, a very hopeful Show. It was a get-together Show 
for the dairyman, the middle-man, the buyer of milk, on the one hopeful plane of " Clean Milk." The 
Massachusetts slogan, "We don't want dirty milk," might have been used by the lecturers, exhibitors, 
audience, and all. Like the fly, dirty milk is doomed. The twenty-first century will know it no more 
than it will the yellow-fever mosquito. Instead will come the millennium which the Mother Goose of 
the Milk Show pictures so alluringly: 

These are the cows with the coats like silk 
Who give the clean and wholesome milk; 
These are the stables sweet and clean, 
The finest stables ever seen, 
Where dwell those cows, etc. 

These are the milkers in suits of white 
Who milk the cows each morn and night 
That dwell in the stables, etc. 

This is the dairy, all complete 

With apparatus clean and neat, 

Where the milk is cooled below forty degrees 

And bottled straightway in jars like these, 

Then sealed air-tight with paraffin 

(No dirt and germs can enter in), 

Then packed in boxes with lots of ice, 

And shipped to the city, this milk so nice, 

From the pails of the milkers in suits of white 

Who milk the cows each morn and night 

That dwell in the stables sweet and clean, 

The finest stables ever seen 

Where live the cows with coats of silk 

Who give the clean and wholesome milk. 

No wonder the Milk Show was draped in red, white and blue. No wonder that [over seventeen] 
thousand people crowded to see it that day, listened to its lectures, and sat applauding in its moving- 
picture shows. When a city forgets politics and gets down to a real community question like pure milk, 
it is a thing to be noted. The Milk Millennium is on its way, marching in the trotting feet of the school- 
children — and therefore sure to arrive! 



Editorial in the Philadelphia North American, May 21 : 

A CHILD-WELFARE EXHIBIT 

John Dewey, pyschologist, says: "The indefinite improvement of humanity and the cause of 
the little child are inseparably bound together." 

Few of the good men and women who are giving freely of their time and talents and money would 
be able to define their interest as anything but an expression of humane tendencies. And yet it is some 
thing more, this almost universal concern for children. It is the turning of the face of the race to the 
future. 

Up to the present civilized races have been to some degree ancestor worshipers. Where this was 
manifested in the most extreme form, as in the case of the Chinese, it stopped all progress, and the race 
stood still for cycles of time. 

But the Chinese are not the only people who have turned their faces to the past. From the days 
when man first came blinking into the light of reason, he has contemplated the mystery of his origin and 
put his forbears high among his gods. 



REPRINTS OF A FEW PRESS COMMENTS 113 

There is reason to believe that the new social recognition of the child may be the dawning of 
another epoch, the beginning of a new philosophy, based on the truth that the generation in the course 
of formation is of much greater importance to the progress of the race than the generations which have 
passed away. 

While child-welfare workers have followed their generous impulses rather than cold philosophy, 

those impulses are themselves an assertion of the elemental instincts for the perpetuation of the species. 

* * * 

There was opened yesterday in this city a child-welfare exhibit. It was not called by that name, 
but is, nevertheless, of prime importance to the children of this city. 

The Philadelphia Milk Show at 809 Chestnut Street is a child-welfare exhibit. True, it deals 
only with one phase of the great subject. But just at this time that phase is one of the most important 
of all. 

The city is entering upon the season when death stalks barefaced among the babies. Almost 
every infant born into the world is endowed with all the vitality it needs to carry it to vigorous maturity. 
Yet, as the flashing red light at the entrance to the Milk Show indicates, a baby under 1 year of age dies 
every ten seconds of the day and night. 

One-half of these deaths are preventable within the established facts of human knowledge. The 
most deadly single cause — the one almost as fatal as all the other principal causes of death — is bad milk. 

The Milk Show — our little child-welfare exhibition — aims to teach the people how to save the 
lives of their babies by assuring a supply of clean, wholesome milk. A bulletin issued by the Chicago 
department of health in connection with the child- welfare exhibit in that city gives the following cau- 
tions, which we think well to quote in this connection : 

Many babies will die this summer for want of natural food (breast milk). More will 
die because of poisoned food (contaminated cow's milk). Many will be saved if given 
certified milk, the cost of a cigar and a glass of beer. Remember this at the funeral. 

Germs which sicken and kill babies grow rapidly in milk unless it is kept very cold 
on ice. Every time the bottle is opened more germs may get in. To head them off, 
take the cold bottle from the milkman's hands, wash and dry the outside of the bottle and 
put it on ice. 

Wash your hands well before removing the stopper with a boiled fork. Do not 
breathe upon the milk. Stir or dip with a boiled spoon. Pour into boiled feeding bottle. 
Add boiled water or gruel which has been in a covered Mason jar on ice. Replace the 
stopper immediately and return to ice. 

Protect baby against cats, dogs, flies, other children and your own carelessness. 
Never save a part of unused food; never warm over. Make up each feeding fresh. 

Never boil good, fresh certified milk for the baby. Never use any other kind. It 
is a crime to feed poor milk. If the food disagrees, weaken it. If baby sickens, stop 
feeding and call a doctor. 

We know that the reference to this excerpt to certified milk will seem hopeless to many. The 
price is prohibitive to the struggling masses, where the infant mortality is greatest. 

But the men who got up the Milk Show are the ones who prepared a monumental report showing 
how certified milk may be supplied to the entire city at a cost of only a cent a quart more than what is 
now paid for an uncertain product. That is the meaning of the milk commission's report, of which the 
Show is a concrete exhibit. It is of vital — we use the word in its truest sense — it is of vital importance 
to the babies of this city. 

Editorial from the Philadelphia Public Ledger, May 21 : 

THE MILK SHOW 

It is a remarkable exposition of the science of pure milk production that is now in progress at 809 
Chestnut Street, under the auspices of the Department of Public Health and Charities, the milk com- 
mission of the Pediatric Society, the veterinary school of the University, the Bureau of Municipal 
Research, and other co-operating agencies. The exhibits make as plain as possible the difference be- 
tween good milk and bad, and the conditions that are responsible for the difference in quality are graphi- 
cally illustrated by object lessons, whose meaning must be clear even to the illiterate observer. 

Here, for instance, is the model of a cow bam of the old unsanitary type, in all particulars faith- 
fully reproducing the filth and noisomeness; and next it is a stable on the new order, with the cattle 
well fed, sleek and clean. Here, again, is a complete pasteurizing apparatus in operation, showing the 
process of sterilization. There are cross-sections plainly revealing diseased conditions in cattle — condi- 
tions generallv ignored by dairymen until a few years ago — the bacteriological tests are exhaustively 
illustrated. Not the least interesting exhibit is that of a row of bottles of several sizes, demonstrating 
the proportion of "raw" milk to that of the pasteurized and certified product. Photographs eloquently 
supplement the story told by the models and other object lessons, and finally there is a moving-picture 
8 



114 REPORT OF THE PHILADELPHIA MILK SHOW 

exhibition which shows how bad milk made a baby sick, and as a result a sweeping reform in dairy 
management was effected by the remorseful parent. Finally, the lesson of the exhibits themselves is 
valuably enforced in a series of lectures by persons of wide knowledge and experience. 

A visitor to the Milk Show cannot fail to be impressed by the disinterestedness of those who have 
arranged for the unique display. Like the City Planning Exhibition, it is an index of the broad and 
generous spirit of humanitarianism prevalent in this community. Those who have had any part in the 
laborious arrangement deserve the congratulations and the thanks of the entire community, and the 
results are sure to justify their praiseworthy undertaking. 

Editorial in the Brockton, Mass., Times, May 22: 

A MILK SHOW 

In Philadelphia they are having a Milk Show, not to demonstrate the superiority of various breeds 
of cattle, but to educate the people in the proper care and use of milk, and the people of the city raised 
a fund of $8000 to make this exposition possible. Demonstrations are given of methods of caring for 
milk from the time it is taken from the cow until it is fed to children and adults, and so valuable is the 
exposition considered by the school authorities that half-holidays are allowed the children, in order that 
they may attend. The head of the Philadelphia health department says of the Show that it will pur- 
chase the lives of thousands of babies and will also educate mothers, who will receive free lessons in the 
pasteurizing and modification of milk, and how to feed and care for children, so that not only the little 
ones of to-day, but those of future years will be safeguarded. This is the kind of a Show that is worth 
while, and Philadelphia sets an example that might well be followed in other communities, the milk 
problem, especially at this season, being much more than a question of price. 

Editorial in the Yonkers, N. Y., Statesman, May 25: 

PROVIDE SAFE MILK 

The Milk Exhibition in Philadelphia gives a vivid example of the vital difference between new and 
old methods of dealing with social evils. For 50 years, since the exposures began of swill-fed cattle 
and pigs in New York, it has been known that the milk supply of a great city needed improved inspection 
and safeguards. But the usual way has been to reach this by exposure, by attack and by the endeavor 
to make evils visible. 

This was the old method. The new method recognizes that nothing can be done without educa- 
tion and furnishing new opportunities to obtain the best. It proposes to reach conditions. It is com- 
paratively useless to pass laws and ordinances in regard to milk, to make exposures of poor milk, and to 
enact a better standard unless public opinion is educated to understand how milk, which is scarcely 
ever deleterious when it comes from the cow, is injured in milking, in pouring into cans, in carriage and 
in distribution; what harm these impurities do and the way to meet them. 

The Milk Exhibition does this by an object lesson which will come home to everyone who sees it. 
Every day children die because, in spite of all pains, instruction and effort, they have been fed on milk 
which was in a condition certain to do harm. 

Now honest dealers, taking this lesson to heart, provide the means by which milk can be furnished 
in exactly the right condition for children. Thus consumers find in milk safe nutriment for children 
during the hot days. 

From the Boston, Mass., Evening Transcript, May 31: 

THE CLINIC 

On Saturday in Philadelphia there closed a week and a day of discussion of milk, bringing out to 
an extent not heretofore accomplished in this country a sober and sensible consideration of the subject 

of milk in its many phases, accompanying an exhibition the purpose and 
tt • Ayr-it- <su ' the effect of which were directly towards the education of the people with 

Ph'lTlTa reference to this important food. Such an exhibition would do a world of 

rruiaaeipma ^ 0Q ^ j Q g ostoil) f or m t ^ e g rst pi ace ft WO uld show how excellent the supply 

of milk is compared with the supplies of other large cities and, second, 
it would work changes in the present unsettled condition, fomented by the wild words and actions of the 
press, self-constituted guardians of the public health, politicians and even those in places where their 
public words should be conservative and not inflammatory. A calm setting forth of the facts, the 
presentation of truths, the meeting of farmer, middleman, contractor, scientist and legislator on the same 
ground, each ready to hear the other and give due credit to his opinions, has been a wonder in the clear- 
ing up of the situation so far as Philadelphia is concerned, while visitors from other cities have learned 
a good deal about the milk business. 









REPRINTS OF A FEW PRESS COMMENTS 115 

It was the cooperation of four institutions that brought together at Philadelphia a gathering 
including most of the authorities on milk in the country. It had its foundation in the report of the Milk 
Commission of that city, a body of experts appointed by Mayor Reyburn in October of last year. A 
report was presented to the mayor bearing the date of February, and a portion of the purpose of the 
meeting was to consider and discuss this report. For the occasion a Milk Show was organized under the 
auspices of the city Board of Health, the Milk Commission of the Philadelphia Pediatric Society, the 
veterinary department of the University of Pennsylvania and the Bureau of Municipal Research aided 
by other societies. Stores in the heart of the city, Chestnut street below Ninth, were secured for the 
exhibition, a hall was fitted up for the presentation of papers. Twenty-six sessions for the literary 
exercises were here held, with lectures in Yiddish, others especially for the employees in department 
stores, and with more than twoscore speakers in all. The names of these men who presented papers are 
known throughout the land where the question of milk is raised: Rosenau, Colt, Jacobi, Whitaker, 
Conn, Park, Schroeder, Francesco and Nichols, while health departments were represented in Dr. Neff 
of Philadelphia, Evans of Chicago, and Amyot of Toronto. There was discussed milk production, 
its relation to disease, the local milk commission and its uses, the care of milk in the home, its use in 
cooking, the supply for villages, its relation to human tuberculosis, and as a carrier of infection, its 
pasteurization, inspection, ice cream, deceptions in milk, journey from the cow to the consumer and the 
duty of the public. Besides these there were daily picture shows and demonstrations. All of this was 
free to the public of Philadelphia, and to what extent the public assisted may be known by the fact that 
the turnstiles for a single day registered fifteen thousand visitors. The arrangement of the Show was 
such that the people were kept moving in the same direction from entrance to exit, avoiding confusion. 
School children in processions were taken through the Show, catching items as they went for the education 
of the home. And the Milk Show was only one of four different sets of meetings. 

At the Bellevue-Stratford there were two days devoted to the American Association of Medica 
Milk Commissions, of which Dr. Milton J. Rosenau of Boston is president. There was a conference of 
State and municipal health officers, to discuss the report of the commission, held also at the Bellevue- 
Stratford, and for the last three days of the week the meetings of the Dairy Institute at the University 
of Pennsylvania, where there were twenty-five additional papers read and another Show, that of special 
dairy exhibits. 



INDEX 



INDEX 



Abbott's Alderney Dairies, exhibit of, 8 

Accounts, audit of, 27 

classification of, 27 

Achor Chocolate Manufacturing Company, ex- 
hibit of, 81 

Acknowledgments made for assistance and co- 
operation, 21 

Admission, hours of, 14 

of children, 54 

Advertising. (See also Publicity.) 

Advertising cards printed in different languages, 30 

sent to social organizations, 39 

use of, by finance committee, 25 

letter sent out by finance committee, 25 

expenditures for, 27 

methods employed, 28, 29 

Agencies, cooperating, names of, 14 

American Association for the Study and Preven- 
tion of Infant Mortality, exhibit of, 
53 

of Medical Milk Commissions, The, 

annual session of, 13 

— of Medical Milk Commissions, The, ex- 
hibit of, 78 

Announcement folder, preliminary. (See Pre- 
liminary announcement folder.) 

slips sent to dairy farmers, 19 

publicity through, 29 

Application blank for commercial exhibits, 34, 
106, 107 

Armstrong Association, cooperation by, 31 

Arrangements in general, committee on. (See 
under Committees.) 

Articles remaining after Show, disposition of, 21 

Attendance, figures of, 45, 46 

Attendants required, 23 

Audit of accounts, 27 



Baby day or week, publicity through a special, 29 
Bacteriological Laboratory of Department of 
Public Health and Charities, exhibit by, 53, 54 
Bills, procedure in payment of, 19-20 

required approval of, 20 

delivered to executive secretary, 20 

Building, expenditures on preparation of, 27 
Bureau of Municipal Research, accounts audited 
by members of, 27 

exhibit of, 57 

Buttons, celluloid, distributed to children to ad- 
vertise Show, 32 



Caloris Manufacturing Company, exhibit of, 81 
Caps. (See Milk bottle caps.) 



Car Advertising Company, display of advertising 

cards by, 31 
Certified milk, exhibit of, 56 

sale of, during Show, 23, 27 

Producers' Association of America, annual 

session of, 13 
Chemical Laboratory of Department of Public 

Health and Charities, exhibit by, 53, 54 
Child hygiene, exhibit on, by Department of 

Public Health and Charities, 66-76 
Children's Bureau, cooperation of, 31 
Churches, publicity through, 29 
City Controller, audit of accounts by chief ac- 
countant in office of, 27 

Councils, contribution by, 27 

Cleaning of show-rooms, arrangements for, 22 

supervision of, daily, 23 

Collection of milk in and around Philadelphia, 

special exhibit showing, 56 
Commercial exhibits, kinds of exhibits included 
with, 18 

charge for floor space, 34 

description of, 80 

application blank and contract for, 

106, 107 
Committees: 

Arrangements in general, members and duties 

of, 21-23 
Conference of health officers, members and 
duties of, 35 

joint meetings held with committee on 

lectures and demonstrations, 35 
Dairy institutions and milk contests, members 
and duties of, 37, 38 

joint meetings held with committees 

on lectures and demonstrations and 
conference of health officers, 35, 38 
Education, members and duties of, 36, 37 

joint meetings held with committees on 

publicity and social organizations, 
28, 39 
Executive, organization of, 13 

officers of, 17 

members and duties of, 17-21 

Finance, members and duties of, 24-27 
Lectures and demonstrations, members and 
duties of, 35 

joint meetings held with committees on 

dairy institutions and milk contests 
and conference of health officers, 35 
Patronesses and aides, members and duties of, 

40, 41 
Procuring exhibits, members and duties of, 

32-34 
Publicity, members and duties of, 28-32 



119 



120 



INDEX 



Committees: 

Publicity, joint meetings held with committee 

on social organizations, 39 
Social organizations, members and duties of, 
39, 40 

joint meetings held with committees 

on publicity and education, 28, 39 
Conference of health officers, committee on. (See 

under Committees.) 
of State and Municipal Health Officers, de- 
scription of sessions of, 14, 46 
Contract for commercial exhibits, 34, 106, 107 
Contributions, solicitation of, 25 
Contributors, list of, 26 

Correspondence, care of, by executive secretary, 21 
Count of visitors, how made, 54 
Cream contests. (See under Milk and cream con- 
tests.) 
Creamery Package Company, exhibit of, 81 
Crown Cork and Seal Company, The, exhibit of, 

81 
Cups, sanitary paper drinking, used exclusively, 

22 
Current expenses, method of paying, 19, 20 



Dairy barns, models of, exhibit by Pennsylvania 
State Live Stock Sanitary Board, 57 

Dairy Division, Bureau of Animal Industry, 
United States Department of Agri- 
culture, exhibit of, 78 

Bureau of Animal Industry, milk and 

cream contests under supervision of, 
38, 48 

Institute, description of, 13, 14, 47 

institutions and milk contests, committee on. 

(See under Committees.) 

Specialty Company, exhibit of, 81 

stables, description of reproductions of good 

and bad, 47 

Dairymen's Supply Company, exhibit of, 81 

Day Nurseries, cooperation by Association of 
Philadelphia, 40 

Dealers, letter to, requesting cooperation in ad- 
vertising, 31 

Decorating of show-rooms and exterior of build- 
ings, 22 

Decorations, expenditures on, 27 

Deficit, to be paid by guarantors, 25, 27 

Demonstrations. (See under Committee on 
lectures and demonstrations and in descriptions 
of various exhibits.) 

Demonstrators, duties of, 35 

provision of, 35 

payment of, 35 

supervision over, 23 

to explain exhibits, 14 

Department of Public Health and Charities. 
(See under Health.) 

of Public Safety. (See under Safety.) 

Description of commercial exhibits, 80, 81 

Conference of State and Municipal Health 

Officers, 46 

Dairy Institute, 47 

educational exhibits, 53, 80 

milk and cream contests, 48 



Design, pictorial, for advertising matter, 29 

Doering, Paul, exhibit of, 80 

Drinking fountains provided in exhibition rooms, 

22 



Education, Board of Public, cooperation of, 30, 31 

arrangement made for bringing school 

children to Show, 36, 37 

committee on. (See under Committees.) 

Educational benefit to be derived from a Milk 
Show, 13, 14 

exhibits, kind of exhibits to be classed as, 18 

description of, 53 

leaflets, cost of, 36 

disDosal of those remaining after the 

Show, 21 

distribution by committee on patron- 
esses and aides during Show, 40 

methods of distribution, 36, 37, 54 

ordered during Show from printers as 

required, 36 

preparation of, 36 

publicity by means of, 29 

quantity required, 36 

reproduction of, 92-105 

Electric connections required, 22, 34 

fans provided, 22 

lights installed, 22 

sign on front of building, 22 

signs on City Hall, 29 

Electrical equipment, expenditures on, 27 

Entertainment of Delegates to Conference of State 
and Municipal Health Officers, 46 

Entry blanks for milk and cream contests, repro- 
duction of, 108, 109 

preparation of, 21 

mailed to all producers for this market, 

38 

Essex County, New Jersey, exhibit of Medical 
Milk Commission of, 77 

Executive Committee. (See under Committees.) 

office in Milk Show building, 78 

Executive secretary, acknowledgments made by, 
21 

detailed work performed in office of, 

19, 21 

handling of vouchers by, 19, 20 

office started, 17, 18 

payments from petty cash fund by, 

19, 20 

petty cash fund established, 20 

petty cash fund provided for secretary 

of committee on arrangements in gen- 
eral, 20 

procedure in payment of pay-rolls by, 20 

publication of comprehensive report by, 

20 

replenishment of petty cash fund, 20 

supervision of work of, 18 

Exhibition rooms, selection of suitable, 21, 22 

Exhibits, character of, 18, 34 

classification of, 33 

date of receipt, installation, and removal of, 

delivery to exhibition rooms of shipments of, 

32 



INDEX 



121 



Exhibits, expenditures on installation of, 27 

installation of, 23 

method of procuring, 32 

procedure followed on receipt of, 23 

removal of, 23 

return of, 32 

transfer from railroad stations to exhibition 

rooms, 34 
Expenditures, statement of, 27 
Expenses, current, method of paying, 19, 20 
Expenses, estimating, 19 

of speakers, 35 

schedule of estimated, 24 

Expressage, expenditures for, 27 

Finance Committee. (See under Committees.) 

method of, 13, 19, 20, 24, 25 

Financial statement, 27 
Firemen detailed to show-rooms, 23 
Floor plans, prepared by architects, 22 
sections or booths numbered consecu- 
tively, 23, 53 

space, estimate of amount required, 34 

sale of, 25, 27 

of lecture hall, 22 

of exhibition rooms, 22 

Ford, The J. B., Company, exhibit of, 81 
Foreign newspapers (those outside city) furnished 

copy, 39 
Foreign population advised of Show, 39 
Freight, expenditures on, 27 
Function of a Milk Show, 13 
Furniture required for lecture hall and show-rooms, 

22, 34 

Gas connections, required, 34 

supplied, 22 

Guarantors secured to underwrite expenses, 24, 25 
Guards, provision of necessary, 23 

Hand-bills, publicity through, 29 
Hand-book. (See Educational leaflets.) 
Hand-book to exhibition, 29 
Hauling, expenditures for, 27 
Health and Charities, Department of Public, 
first meeting to discuss Milk Show 
plan called by Director of, 13 

Department of Public, contribution 

from City Councils secured through 
Director of, 25 

Department of Public, exhibit on child 

hygiene by, 66-76 
Department of Public. (See also Bacteri- 
ological and Chemical Laboratories.) 
Health officers, programs mailed to, 35 
Home and School League, cooperation by, 31 
Honoraria, expenditures for, 27 
Hours of admittance to Milk Show, 14, 45 

of sessions of Dairy Institute, 47 

House fly campaign, help from Milk Show organ- 
ization, 19 

Ice-cream, special exhibit showing modern 
method of making, 64 



Ice-cream, special exhibit of Pennsylvania State 
Live Stock Sanitary Board showing results of 
bacteriological examinations of, 64 

Independent Milk Dealers, exhibit of, 80 

Inspection of buildings prior to Show by city 
fire and building inspectors, 22 

Insurance for show-rooms and exhibits, 19 

accident, 22 

fire, 22 

general liability, 22 

expenditures for, 27 

Invitations issued, to meeting in Mayor's office, 18 

to private view, 45 



Kelly, William, exhibit of, 80 

Kennedy, S. R. and S. W., and Company, exhibit 

of, 81 
Kensington Engine Works Company, exhibit of, 

81 



Laboratories. (See under Bacteriological and 

Chemical Laboratories.) 
Laborers, supervision over, 23 
Leaflets, educational. (See under Educational.) 
Lecture hall, equipment of, 22 

floor space of, 22 

rental of, 22 

Lectures and demonstrations, committee on. 
(See under Committees.) 

public, given daily, 13, 14, 46 

Legend "To Enlighten — Not To Frighten," use 

of, 19 
Letter sent, asking for financial support, 25 

to dairy farmers with entry blanks 

for milk contests, 38 

to milk dealers requesting cooperation 

in advertising, 31 

to prospective exhibitors, 34 

to social organizations asking coopera- 
tion, 39 

to hospitals asking cooperation, 40 

Light, sale of, to commercial exhibitors, 27 
Lighting equipment, expenditures on, 27 



Mail, distribution of daily, 21 
Maryland State Board of Health, exhibit of, 79 
Massachusetts Milk Consumer's Association, ex- 
hibit of, 59 
Maynard, Lee H. P., exhibit of, 80 
Mayor, public meeting in office of, 18 
Mechanical Refrigerating Machine Company, 

exhibit of, 80 
Meeting, initial, Milk Show movement started, 13 
Meetings of committees, members notified by 

executive secretary, 21 
Milk and cream contests, arrangements perfected 
for, 38 

awards in, 48, 49 

description of, 48 

eligibility rules of, 48 

entries in, 48 

exhibit of prize cups awarded in, 77 

form of entry blank used, 108, 109 



122 



INDEX 



Milk as a food, special exhibit showing uses of, 62 

bottle caps, special, description of, 32 

caps, special, publicity through use of, 

29 

caps, special, sale of, 27 

collection of, in and around Philadelphia, 

special exhibit showing, 56 

Commission, appointed, 13 

of Philadelphia Pediatric Society, ex- 
hibit of, 56 

report submitted, 13 

in the home, special exhibit on care of, 61 

inspection in various cities, exhibit showing 

forms and instruments used, 76 

problem pertinent, 13 

Show proposed, 13 

Minutes of executive committee, 18 
Moving pictures, expenditures on, 27 

used to help educate, 14 

given daily, 46 



Neighborhood workers informed about Show, 39 
Newark, New Jersey, Babies' Hospital, exhibit of, 

77 
Newspapers, amount of publicity, 28 

articles preserved, 14 

city editors on committee on publicity, 28 

copy prepared daily, 18, 28 

publicity through, 29 

support enlisted, 28 

New York City Department of Health, exhibit of, 
59 

Milk Committee, exhibit of, 59 

Notices sent to dairy farmers, 19 



Office at show-rooms, equipment of, 22 
Organization of various committees, 17, 41 



Pasteurization of milk, special exhibit showing 

most scientific methods, 65 
Pathological exhibit by Veterinary Department, 
University of Pennsylvania and Pennsylvania 
State Live Stock Sanitary Board, 78 
Patronesses and aides, committee on. (See under 
Committees.) 

list printed, 36 

Pay-day, special, possible publicity through, 29 
Pay-rolls, payment of, 20 

Pediatric Society, Philadelphia. (See Milk Com- 
mission.) 
Pennsylvania Railroad Company, display of ad- 
vertising cards by, 31 

exhibit of, 59 

Society for Prevention of Tuberculosis, ex- 
hibit of, 57 

State Live Stock Sanitary Board, exhibit of, 

57, 64, 78 
University of. (See under Veterinary de- 
partment and also Pathological exhibit.) 
Petty cash fund, how administered, 19, 20 

fund, replenishment of, 20 

fund, of secretary of committee on ar- 
rangements in general, 20 



Petty cash receipt, form of, 20 

Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company, dis- 
play of advertising cards by, 31 

Rapid Transit Company, helped with ad- 
vertising, 31 

Rapid Transit Company, furnished free 

transportation to school children, 37 

Phillips, Charles H., Company, exhibit of, 81 

Pictorial design for advertising matter, 29 

Plans, floor. (See under Floor.) 

Plumbing equipment, expenditures on, 27 

Policemen detailed to show-rooms, 23 

Postage, expenditures for, 27 

Posters, large bill-board, cost prohibitive, 29, 30 

Power, sale of, to commercial exhibitors, 27 

Preliminary announcement folder, content, 13 

folder, copies sent to social organiza- 
tions, 39 

folder, distribution of, 29, 30, 38, 39 

folder, use of, by finance committee, 25 

Press comments, reprints of a few, 110-115 

Printing, expenditures for, 27 

Private view of exhibits, 45 

Privileges allowed commercial exhibitors, 34 

Prize cups awarded in milk contests, exhibit of, 77 

Procuring exhibits, committee on. (See under 
Committees.) 

Programs, legend adopted for, 19 

methods of distribution of, 54 

of Conference of State and Municipal Health 

Officers, reproduction of, 87, 88 

of Dairy Institute, arranged by correspon- 
dence, 38 

of Dairy Institute, reprint of, 89-91 

of Milk Show, preparation of, 35 

of Milk Show, reprint of, 85, 86 

proposition of issuing same on commercial 

basis, 19 

Public Education, Board of. (See under Educa- 
tion.) 

Health and Charities, Department of. (See 

under Health.) 

Publicity agent, duties of, 28 

employed, 28 

methods of work employed by, 28 

committee on. (See under Com- 
mittees.) 

methods adopted, 28, 29 

Purposes of Milk Show, 13, 18 

Railroad stations, display of advertising cards in, 

29, 31 
Receipts, how secured, 25 

statement of, 27 

Refreshment counter, operation of, 55 

Rent, expenditures for, 27 

Report, inventories of exhibits for, 20 

photographs taken for, 20 

Restoration of buildings after Show, 23 
Root Dairy Supply Company, exhibit of, 81 
Russell Sage Foundation, wall placard furnished 
by, 37 

Safety, Department of Public, provided police 
and fire protection during Show, 23 



INDEX 



123 



Salaries paid from petty cash fund, 20 

Salary expenditures, 27 

Sale of certified milk, 55 

of milk in and around Philadelphia, special 

exhibit showing conditions of, 56 

of samples by commercial exhibitors pro- 
hibited, 34 

Sanitary paper drinking cups used, 16 

School children at Show, manner of handling, 37 

children's day, special, publicity through, 29 

Schools, publicity through, 29, 30 

Schutte and Koerting, exhibit of, 80 

Scope of a Milk Show, 13 

Secretary of committee on arrangements in gen- 
eral, petty cash fund of, 20 

Settlements, cooperation by, 39 

Shapiro, Samuel, exhibit of, 81 

Sharpless, P. E., Company, exhibit of, 81 

Shipping instructions, requirements concerning 
provision of, 23, 34 

(See also Application blank and contract 

for commercial exhibits, 106, 107.) 

Show-rooms, selection of suitable, 21, 22 

rental of, 22 

floor space of, 22 

Signs, expenditures on, 27 

on front of exhibition building, 19, 45 

required within show-rooms, 34 

supplied within show-rooms, 22, 23 

Single Service Package Corporation of America, 
exhibit of, 81 

Social agencies, publicity through, 29 

clubs informed of Show, 40 

organizations, committee on. (See under 

Committees.) 

Space. (See under Floor space.) 

Stables. (See Dairy barns and Dairy stables.) 

Stereopticon, expenditures on, 27 

Stores, display of cards in show windows of, 29, 31 

Street-cars, advertising cards displaved within, 
29,31 

advertising signs attached to fenders, 29, 31 

Sub-committees, organization of, 17 



Sub-committees, reports from, 18 

Subscriptions, solicitation of, 25 

Subway stations, display of advertising cards in, 

29,31 
Supplee Alderney Dairies, The, exhibit of, 81 



Telephones, public, supplied in exhibition rooms, 

22 
Trade organizations informed concerning Show, 40 
Transportation of milk in and around Phila- 
delphia, special exhibit showing, 56 
Treasurer, closing accounts with, 26, 27 

financial statement of, 27 

handling of vouchers by, 19, 20 

payment of bills by, 19, 20 

payments advanced on pay-rolls by, 20 

replenishment of petty cash fund of executive 

secretary by, 20 



Underwriters Company, The, exhibit of, 81 
United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau 
of Animal Industry, Dairy 
Division, exhibit of, 78 

milk and cream contests under 

supervision of, 38, 48 



Veterinary Department, University of Pennsyl- 
vania, pathological exhibit of, 78 

— University of Pennsylvania, meeting 

place of Dairy Institute, 38, 47 

Vice-chairman, vouchers countersigned by, 19 

Visitors, method of handling, 54 

Vouchers, form and use of, 19, 20 



Water connections, required, 34 

supplied, 22 

West Disinfecting Company, exhibit of, 81 
Woolman, Edward, exhibit of, 81 






CI 30 181! 



LB Mr '12 



THE REPORT OF THE 
PHILADELPHIA 
MILK SHOW 




TO ENLIGHTEN 
NOT TO FRIGHTEN 



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